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Prosocial Behavior and Religion: New Evidence Based on Projective Measures and Peer Ratings
Abstract
An important discrepancy seems to exist between self-reports and laboratory studies regarding prosociality among religious people. Some have even suggested that this involves moral hypocrisy on the part of religious people. However, the assumption of the four studies reported here is that the impact of religiousness on prosociality is limited but exists, and does not reflect self-delusion. In Study 1 (N= 106), religious young adults tended not to use indirect aggression in dealing with hypothetical daily hassles. In Study 2 (N= 105), female students' religiosity was associated with willingness to help close targets in hypothetical situations but the effect was not extended to unknown targets. In Studies 3 (N= 315, 105 triads) and 4 (N= 274, 109 targets), religious targets not only reported high altruistic behavior and empathy, but were also perceived as such by peers (friends, siblings, or colleagues) in three out of four cases. Other results from the studies suggested that the prosociality of religious people is not an artifact of gender, social desirability bias, security in attachment, empathy, or honesty.
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“Of the nine best studies, four reported significant positive relationships (44%) [101–104] and three report significant negative relationships (33%) [105–107], whereas the two remaining studies reported complex or mixed results (significant positive and negative associations, depending on R/S characteristic).”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [107]
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“Notably, religiosity has been linked to both ingroup favoritism [20–22] and impression management [23].”
From The amoral atheist? A cross-national examination of cultural, motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, and their implications for morality (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- SAROGLOU, V., PICHON, I., TROMPETTE, L., VERSCHUEREN, M., & DERNELLE, R.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- SAROGLOU, VASSILIS
- PICHON, ISABELLE
- TROMPETTE, LAURENCE
- VERSCHUEREN, MARIJKE
- DERNELLE, REBECCA
- ORCID
- SAROGLOU, VASSILIS
- Venue
- Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 323-348
- ISSN
- 0021-8294 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-5906
- OpenAlex
- W2094001799
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Keywords
- prosocial behavior, religiosity, moral hypocrisy, altruism, empathy, indirect aggression, helping behavior, peer perception, social desirability bias, attachment security, honesty, gender differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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