Cited by 149Memory and Neural MechanismsStress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An alternative scoring method for skin conductance responding in a differential fear conditioning paradigm with a long-duration conditioned stimulus

Open access

Pineles, Suzanne L., Orr, Matthew R., Orr, Scott P.·2009·Psychophysiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00852.xPMC PMC2868319

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Researchers examining skin conductance (SC) as a measure of aversive conditioning commonly separate the SC response into two components when the CS-UCS interval is sufficiently long. This convention drew from early theorists who described these components, the first- and second-interval responses, as measuring orienting and conditional responses, respectively. The present report critically examines this scoring method through a literature review and a secondary data analysis of a large-scale study of police and firefighter trainees that used a differential aversive conditioning procedure (n=287). The task included habituation, acquisition, and extinction phases, with colored circles as the CSs and shocks as the UCS. Results do not support the convention of separating the SC response into first- and second-interval responses. It is recommended that SC response scores be derived from data obtained across the entire CS-UCS interval.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00852.x

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cognitive Therapy of Depression
HOLLON, S. D., & BECK, A. T. (1979) · Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404480-7.50012-5 · Cited by 4,685
Publication Recommendations for Electrodermal Measurements
Fowles, D. C., Christie, M. J., Edelberg, R., Grings, W. W., Lykken, D. T., & Venables, P. H. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb03024.x · Cited by 1,700
Phobias and preparedness
Seligman, M. E. P. (1971) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(71)80064-3 · Cited by 1,649
De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.
Orr, S. P., Metzger, L. J., Lasko, N. B., Macklin, M. L., Peri, T., & Pitman, R. K. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.290 · Cited by 653
Self-citation
Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans
Veit, R., Flor, H., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Lotze, M., Grodd, W., & Birbaumer, N. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00519-0 · Cited by 377
Context modulation of memory for fear extinction in humans
Milad, M. R., Orr, S. P., Pitman, R. K., & Rauch, S. L. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00302.x · Cited by 297
Self-citation
The premise of equipotentiality in human classical conditioning: Conditioned electrodermal responses to potentially phobic stimuli.
Ohman, A., Fredrikson, M. G., Hugdahl, K., & Rimmö, P.-A. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.105.4.313 · Cited by 290
Facial expressions as conditioned stimuli for electrodermal responses: A case of "preparedness"?
Öhman, A., & Dimberg, U. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.11.1251 · Cited by 243
Effects of instruction on acquisition and extinction of electrodermal responses to fear-relevant stimuli.
Hugdahl, K., & Öhman, A. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.3.5.608 · Cited by 241
Fear conditioning in panic disorder: Enhanced resistance to extinction
Michael, T., Blechert, J., Vriends, N., Margraf, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.612 · Cited by 210
Associative learning deficits increase symptoms of anxiety in humans
Grillon, C. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01370-1 · Cited by 203
Return of fear in a human differential conditioning paradigm caused by a return to the original acquistion context
Vansteenwegen, D., Hermans, D., Vervliet, B., Francken, G., Beckers, T., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.01.001 · Cited by 188
Facial expressions as conditioned stimuli for electrodermal responses: A case of "preparedness"?
�hman, A., & Dimberg, U. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.11.1251 · Cited by 183
Shipley Institute of Living Scale
Shipley, W. C. (1940) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t07774-000 · Cited by 181
Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive and autonomic responses to a model's expressive display of pain.
Vaughan, K. B., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.6.909 · Cited by 179
A Twin Study of the Genetics of Fear Conditioning
Hettema, J. M., Annas, P., Neale, M. C., Kendler, K. S., & Fredrikson, M. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.702 · Cited by 175
Three components of the classically conditioned GSR in human subjects.
Prokasy, W. F., & Ebel, H. C. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024108 · Cited by 156
Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior
refleksa, K. P. P. O., & Voronin, L. G. (1965) · American Institute of Biological Sciences eBooks · Cited by 150
An analysis of GSR conditioning.
Stewart, M., Stern, J. A., Winokur, G., & Fredman, S. (1961) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0048816 · Cited by 145
Phobias and preparedness: Phobic versus neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses.
Öhman, A., Erixon, G., & Löfberg, I. (1975) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076255 · Cited by 140
Cardiovascular and Electrodermal Responses Conditioned to Fear‐Relevant Stimuli
Fredrikson, M. G., & Öhman, A. (1979) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01428.x · Cited by 136
Human amygdala activity during the expression of fear responses.
Cheng, D. T., Knight, D. C., Smith, C. N., & Helmstetter, F. J. (2006) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.5.1187 · Cited by 131
Return of fear in a human differential conditioning paradigm caused by a stimulus change after extinction
Vervliet, B., Vansteenwegen, D., Baeyens, F., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.005 · Cited by 123
Electrodermal conditioning to potentially phobic stimuli: Effects of instructed extinction
Hugdahl, K. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90001-3 · Cited by 120
‘Preparedness’ and ‘arousability’ as determinants of electrodermal conditioning
Hugdahl, K., Fredrikson, M., & Öhman, A. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90066-3 · Cited by 118
Allocation of cognitive processing capacity during human autonomic classical conditioning.
Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., Beers, J. R., & Kelly, A. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.111.3.273 · Cited by 113
The use of an unpleasant sound as an unconditional stimulus in a human aversive Pavlovian conditioning procedure
Neumann, D. L., & Waters, A. M. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.03.004 · Cited by 110
Test of the conditioning model of neurosis: Differential aversive conditioning of angry and neutral facial expressions in anxiety disorder patients.
Pitman, R. K., & Orr, S. P. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.3.208 · Cited by 107
Self-citation
The Effects of Directional Facial Cues on Electrodermal Conditioning to Facial Stimuli
Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1983) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03282.x · Cited by 105
Orienting and Defensive Responding in the Electrodermal System: Palmar‐Dorsal Differences and Recovery Rate during Conditioning to Potentially Phobic Stimuli
Öhman, A., Fredrikson, M., & Hugdahl, K. (1978) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01342.x · Cited by 100
Tonic and Phasic Electrodermal Measures of Human Aversive Conditioning with Long Duration Stimuli
Lovibond, P. F. (1992) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02037.x · Cited by 99
Conditioning and extinction of the galvanic skin response as a function of anxiety.
Bitterman, M. E., & Holtzman, W. H. (1952) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057190 · Cited by 95
COMMENTS REGARDING MULTIPLE RESPONSE PHENOMENA IN LONG INTERSTIMULUS INTERVAL CONDITIONING
Lockhart, R. A. (1966) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02687.x · Cited by 92
Effects of Potentially Phobic Conditioned Stimuli on Retention, Reconditioning, and Extinction of the Conditioned Skin Conductance Response
Schell, A. M., Dawson, M. E., & Marinković, K. (1991) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00403.x · Cited by 83
Facial expressions of emotion as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses.
Orr, S. P., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.2.278 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Generalization of Extinguished Skin Conductance Responding in Human Fear ConditioningPreprint
Vervliet, B., Vansteenwegen, D., & Eelen, P. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.77404 · Cited by 78
Resistance to extinction of fear-relevant stimuli: Preparedness or selective sensitization?
Lovibond, P. F., Siddle, D. A. T., & Bond, N. W. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.4.449 · Cited by 75
Conditioning autonomic responses of mentally subnormal individuals.
Grings, W. W., Lockhart, R. A., & Dameron, L. E. (1962) · The Psychological Monographs · doi:10.1037/h0093914 · Cited by 75
Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals
Fredrikson, M. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x · Cited by 71
DIFFERENTIATION OF CONDITIONED AND ORIENTING RESPONSE COMPONENTS IN ELECTRODERMAL CONDITIONING
Öhman, A. (1971) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00432.x · Cited by 70
Biological vs experiential factors in phobic conditioning
Hugdahl, K., & Kärker, A.-C. (1981) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(81)90034-6 · Cited by 68
Extinction in fear conditioning: Effects on startle modulation and evaluative self-reports
Vansteenwegen, D., Crombez, G., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (1998) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3560729 · Cited by 66
MULTIPLE RESPONSES WITH DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTIES IN DELAYED GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE CONDITIONING: A REVIEW
Dengerink, H. A., & Taylor, S. P. (1971) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00465.x · Cited by 59
Electrodermal conditioning to potentially phobic stimuli in male and female subjects
Fredrikson, M. (1976) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(76)90021-1 · Cited by 53
Internal consistency and temporal stability of classically conditioned skin conductance responses
Fredrikson, M., Annas, P., Georgiades, A., Hursti, T. J., & Tersman, Z. (1993) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(93)90011-v · Cited by 50
ANTICIPATORY AND PREPARATORY ELECTRODERMAL BEHAVIOR IN PAIRED STIMULATION SITUATIONS
Grings, W. W. (1969) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1969.tb02862.x · Cited by 48
Cognitive Processes in Differential GSR Conditioning: Effects of a Masking Task
Führer, M. J., & Baer, P. E. (1969) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421240 · Cited by 44
Skin Conductance Conditioning to Potentially Phobic Stimuli as a Function of Interstimulus Interval and Delay Versus Trace Paradigm
Hugdahl, K., & Öhman, A. (1980) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00161.x · Cited by 38
The effect of emotional and attentional processes on blink startle modulation and on electrodermal responses
Lipp, O. V., Siddle, D. A. T., & Dall, P. J. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02404.x · Cited by 37
Effects of stimulus modality and task condition on blink startle modification and on electrodermal responses.
Lipp, O. V., Siddle, D. A. T., & Dall, P. J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 35
CONDITIONING OF THE ELECTRODERMAL ORIENTING RESPONSE
Gale, E. N., & Stern, J. A. (1967) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02709.x · Cited by 34
Effects of Conditioned Stimulus Fear‐Relevance and Preexposure on Expectancy and Electrodermal Measures of Human Pavlovian Conditioning
Booth, M. L., Siddle, D. A. T., & Bond, N. W. (1989) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01918.x · Cited by 31
Effects of stimulus modality and task condition on blink startle modification and on electrodermal responses
Lipp, O. V., Siddle, D. A. T., & Dall, P. J. (1998) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3540452 · Cited by 31
First Interval Skin Conductance Responses: Conditioned or Orienting Responses?
Prokasy, W. F. (1977) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb02965.x · Cited by 30
Effects of conditioned stimulus preexposure on human electrodermal conditioning
Siddle, D. A. T., Remington, B., & Churchill, M. (1985) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(85)90020-1 · Cited by 29
The effects of unconditional stimulus valence and conditioning paradigm on verbal, skeleto-motor, and autonomic indices of human Pavlovian conditioning
Lipp, O. V., Siddle, D. A. T., & Dall, P. J. (2003) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0023-9690(02)00507-6 · Cited by 28
Conditioning versus sensitization in the galvanic skin response.
Leonard, C., & Winokur, G. (1963) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0042592 · Cited by 28
Failures of contingency and cognitive factors to affect long-interval differential Pavlovian autonomic conditioning.
Schiffman, K., & Furedy, J. J. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033506 · Cited by 26
A RE‐ANALYSIS OF GSR CONDITIONING
McDonald, D. G., & Johnson, L. C. (1965) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1965.tb03248.x · Cited by 25
Theoretical note: Further analysis of GSR conditioning: A reply to Stewart, Stern, Winokur, & Fredman.
Kimmel, H. D. (1964) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046898 · Cited by 25
Reaction time task as unconditional stimulus
Lipp, O. V., & Vaitl, D. (1990) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf02964606 · Cited by 24
Comments on "An Analysis of GSR Conditioning."
Lockhart, R. A., & Grings, W. W. (1963) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0041696 · Cited by 24
Short‐Interval Classical SCR Conditioning and the Stimulus‐Sequence‐Change‐Elicited OR: The Case of the Empirical Red Herring
Furedy, J. J., & Poulos, C. X. (1977) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb02964.x · Cited by 22
Effects of conditioned stimulus pre-exposure on human electrodermal conditioning to fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant stimuli
Björkstrand, P.-Å. (1990) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(90)90089-f · Cited by 22
Autonomic classical conditioning as a function of awareness of stimulus contingencies
Dawson, M. E., Catania, J. J., Schell, A. M., & Grings, W. W. (1979) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(79)90020-6 · Cited by 20
Conditioned nausea after cancer chemotherapy and autonomic nervous system conditionability
Fredrikson, M., Hursti, T. J., Salmi, P., Börjeson, S., Fürst, C.-J., Peterson, C. O., & Steineck, G. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1993.tb01128.x · Cited by 18
Sex differences and menstrual cycle effects in aversive conditioning: A comparison of premenstrual and intermenstrual women with men
Hedlund, M. A., & Chambless, D. L. (1990) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(90)90014-z · Cited by 17
LONG TERM CONDITIONING OF ORIENTING RESPONSES
Gale, E. N., & Ax, A. F. (1968) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02827.x · Cited by 17
Electrodermal conditioning to stimuli of evolutionary significance: Failure to replicate the preparedness effect
Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., van der Molen, G. M., & van den Hout, M. (1987) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00964560 · Cited by 15
CS and UCS intervals and orders in human autonomic classical differential trace conditioning.
Furedy, J. J. (1970) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0082877 · Cited by 10
Differential conditioning of electrodermal responses: Effects of performing a masking task during the interstimulus and intertrial intervals
Wilson, R. A., Führer, M. J., & Baer, P. E. (1974) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(74)90029-5 · Cited by 10
Orienting responses and personality variables as predictors of differential conditioning of electrodermal responses and awareness of stimulus relations.
Führer, M. J., Baer, P. E., & Cowan, C. O. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034745 · Cited by 9
Cognitive factors and CS-UCS interval effects in the differential conditioning and extinction of skin conductance responses
Führer, M. J., & Baer, P. E. (1980) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(80)90041-1 · Cited by 9
Retention of Differential Autonomic Conditioning and Memory for Conditional Stimulus Relationships
Hammond, G. S., Baer, P. E., & Führer, M. J. (1980) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00163.x · Cited by 8
RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES: A STUDY OF THE INCUBATION FEAR HYPOTHESIS
Sandín, B., & Chorot, P. (2002) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.37 · Cited by 6
Electrodermal pavlovian conditioning with prepared and unprepared stimuli
Kirsch, P., & Boucsein, W. (1994) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02691010 · Cited by 6
Revisiting the learning-without-awareness question in human pavlovian autonomic conditioning: Focus on extinction in a dichotic listening paradigm
Furedy, J. J., Damke, B., & Boucsein, W. (2000) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02911164 · Cited by 3
RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES: A STUDY OF THE INCUBATION FEAR HYPOTHESIS
Sandín, B. (2002) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.91.5.37-46 · Cited by 2

Research works printed but not linked: 10

Costa P. T., 1992, NEO‐PI‐R professional manual
Derogatis L. R., 1983, SCL‐90‐R: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual‐II for the revised version
Öhman A., 1973, Magnitude and habituation of the orienting reaction as predictors of discriminative electrodermal conditioning, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 293
10.1037/0096-3445.105.4.313 · DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.278 · DOI
Packer J. S., 1991, Conditioning with facial expression of emotion, Journal of Psychophysiology, 5, 79
SAS Institute, Inc., 1989, SAS/STAT User's Guide
Spielberger C. D., 1990, Manual for the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (self‐evaluation questionnaire)
10.1037/0022-3514.38.6.909 · DOI
Vinogradova O. S., 1965, Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior, 45

Sorted by citations

Don’t fear “fear conditioning”: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear
Lonsdorf, T. B., Menz, M. M., Andreatta, M., Fullana, M. A., Golkar, A., Haaker, J., Heitland, I., Hermann, A., Kuhn, M., Kruse, O., et al. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.026 · Cited by 837
Disrupting reconsolidation: Pharmacological and behavioral manipulations
Soeter, M., & Kindt, M. (2011) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.2148511 · Cited by 262
Reconsolidation in a human fear conditioning study: A test of extinction as updating mechanism
Kindt, M., & Soeter, M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.016 · Cited by 240
Retrieval per se is not sufficient to trigger reconsolidation of human fear memory
Sevenster, D., Beckers, T., & Kindt, M. (2012) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.01.009 · Cited by 238
Deficient safety learning characterizes high trait anxious individuals
Gazendam, F. J., Kamphuis, J. H., & Kindt, M. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.006 · Cited by 168

See all 149

Authors: Pineles, S. L., Orr, M. R., & Orr, S. P.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
University of Alabama in Huntsville (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Orr, Scott P.
ORCID: Pineles, Suzanne L.
Orr, Scott P.
Venue: Psychophysiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-09
Volume: 46
Issue: 5
Pages: 984-995
ISSN: 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
1469-8986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00852.x
PMC: PMC2868319
OpenAlex: W1992253412
Cited by: 149
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 3.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060315, R01-MH60315)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords: skin conductance, differential fear conditioning, aversive conditioning, orienting response, conditioned response, shock aversion
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Reference Standards, Police

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

An alternative scoring method for skin conductance responding in a differential fear conditioning paradigm with a long-duration conditioned stimulus

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks