Effects of a topical essential oil-containing formulation on biofilm-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Polytoxinol (PT), a topical essential oil-based formulation, against biofilm positive strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a microtitre plate assay we measured inhibitory effects for PT against a selection of biofilm-forming clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Susceptibility varied considerably (MIC = 0.6-20 000 ppm). For the most tolerant clinical isolate (Staphylococcus warneri) biofilm growth was inhibited by a 32-fold lower PT concentration than planktonic growth. This inhibition of biofilm development, which was not observed with the other test isolates, was related to an inhibition of the initial phase of S. warneri cell adherence to the polystyrene surface. CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial efficacy of PT was verified against clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci in vitro. PT was able to inhibit biofilm formation in the most tolerant isolate at sub-inhibitory concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These observations indicate that an ability to prevent biofilm formation, independently of effects on cell viability may contribute to the in vivo topical efficacy of essential oils.
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Different essential oils from ornamental plants have been observed to be effective against biofilms formed by Salmonella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus spp.
“Different EOs from ornamental plants have been observed to be effective against biofilms formed by Salmonella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus spp.”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [127]
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“Their mechanism of action and that of their purified components is related to their ability to impair cell membrane structure and function (Sikkema et al. 1995; Cox et al. 2000).”
BackgroundCox, S. D., Mann, C. M., Markham, J. L., Bell, H. C., Gustafson, J. E., Warmington, J. R., & Wyllie, S. G. (2001) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00943.x · Cited by 1,117 · see citing works
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Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria
Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph6121451 · Cited by 2,186 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Al-Shuneigat, J., Cox, S. D., & Markham, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Cox, S.D.
- Venue
- Letters in Applied Microbiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-55
- ISSN
- 0266-8254 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2673
- OpenAlex
- W2029140268
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Letters in Applied Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Sydney
- University of Western Sydney
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Keywords
- coagulase-negative staphylococci, biofilm formation, essential oils, topical antimicrobial formulation, Staphylococcus warneri, cell adhesion, planktonic versus biofilm growth, minimum inhibitory concentration, subinhibitory concentrations
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Coagulase, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcus, Biofilms, Tea Tree Oil
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