Cited by 185Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Measurement Issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders – lessons from research and practise

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Charman, Tony, Gotham, Katherine·2013·Child and Adolescent Mental Health

DOI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00664.xPMC PMC3607539

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Abstract

Background and Scope: Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in the development of screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ). This article reviews this progress, including recent innovations, focussing on those instruments for which the strongest research data on validity exists, and then addresses issues arising from their use in clinical settings. Findings: Research studies have evaluated the ability of screens to prospectively identify cases of ASD in population‐based and clinically referred samples, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic instruments to map onto ‘gold standard’ clinical best estimate diagnosis. However, extension of the findings to clinical services must be done with caution, with a full understanding that instrument properties are sample‐specific. Furthermore, we are limited by the lack of a true test for ASD which remains a behaviourally defined disorder. In addition, screening and diagnostic instruments help clinicians least in the cases where they are most in want of direction, as their accuracy will always be lower for marginal cases. Conclusion: Instruments help clinicians to collect detailed, structured information and increase accuracy and reliability of referral for in‐depth assessment and recommendations for support, but further research is needed to refine their effective use in clinical settings.

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Additional file 6 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
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Additional file 5 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
Trelles, M. P., Levy, T., Lerman, B., Siper, P. M., Lozano, R., Halpern, D. B., Walker, H., Zweifach, J., Frank, Y., Foss‐Feig, J. H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16702972
Additional file 3 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
Trelles, M. P., Levy, T., Lerman, B., Siper, P. M., Lozano, R., Halpern, D. B., Walker, H., Zweifach, J., Frank, Y., Foss‐Feig, J. H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16702960
Additional file 2 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
Trelles, M. P., Levy, T., Lerman, B., Siper, P. M., Lozano, R., Halpern, D. B., Walker, H., Zweifach, J., Frank, Y., Foss‐Feig, J. H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16702957
Additional file 1 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
Trelles, M. P., Levy, T., Lerman, B., Siper, P. M., Lozano, R., Halpern, D. B., Walker, H., Zweifach, J., Frank, Y., Foss‐Feig, J. H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16702954
Additional file 4 of Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms
Trelles, M. P., Levy, T., Lerman, B., Siper, P. M., Lozano, R., Halpern, D. B., Walker, H., Zweifach, J., Frank, Y., Foss‐Feig, J. H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16702966
Development of a short screening questionnaire for early identification of autism spectrum disorders in Serbia
Cvijetić, M., Kovačić, Z., & Stevanović, D. (2025) · Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini · doi:10.5937/zrffp55-59397
USO DE APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS COMO FERRAMENTA PARA AVALIAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO COMPORTAMENTAL DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Mendes, N. C. V., Castro, C. C. S., Silva, F. X. D., Caldas, I. F. R., Silveira, T. S., Sabbá, A. D. C. S., de Loureiro, T. M. G., & de Souza, I. D. F. (2026) · RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.47820/recima21.v7i2.7333
Altered Higher-Order Structural and Functional Connectivity Coupling in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dai, Z., Yang, L., Li, Z., Zhang, X., Lu, J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., & Wang, B. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-026-07259-7
Discrepancies between parent-reported and clinician-rated autism severity: roles of sex and age
Ishida, R., Yamamuro, K., Kashida, N., Takeda, T., Toritsuka, M., Okada, T., & Makinodan, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1823090
Quantum-Inspired Optimization Algorithms with Machine Learning Classifiers for Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers
Barik, D., Gupta, S., Som, S., & Roy, S. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-27711-4_28

Authors: Charman, T., & Gotham, K.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Charman, Tony
Gotham, Katherine
Venue: Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-04-04
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Pages: 52-63
ISSN: 1475-357X (ISSN-L)
1475-3588
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00664.x
PMC: PMC3607539
OpenAlex: W2015943070
Cited by: 185
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 5.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Child and Adolescent Mental Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Autism Speaks
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066496, T32MH018921, F32MH066469)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065277)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, screening tool, diagnostic tools, assessment validity, diagnosis, marginal cases, clinical practice

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Measurement Issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders – lessons from research and practise

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