Effects on smokers of exposure to graphic warning images
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several countries have introduced graphic warning images aimed at discouraging smoking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on smokers of graphic warnings showing cosmetically important harm caused by smoking. METHODS: Fifty-six adult smokers were randomly assigned to view either written smoking warnings or the same written warnings with related graphic images. The smokers viewed the warnings at a rate of one per week for 4 weeks. The smokers were assessed before and after the warnings with regard to stage of change toward smoking cessation and level of smoking. RESULTS: The randomized control trial showed that the warnings with graphic images led to significantly more progress in stage of change toward smoking cessation than written warnings alone. However, the images did not lead to decreases in smoking rates. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The results indicate that written smoking warnings accompanied by images of cosmetically important harm caused by smoking have more potential than warnings alone in prompting changes in the direction of quitting.
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The meta-analysis identified only a single experimental study that assessed behaviour.
“First, our meta-analysis identified only a single experimental study that assessed behaviour.69”
From Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies (2016) · cites this paper as [69]
Cites
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Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies
Noar, S. M., Hall, M. G., Francis, D. B., Ribisl, K. M., Pepper, J. K., & Brewer, N. T. (2016) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Malouff, J. M., Schutte, N. S., Rooke, S. E., & MacDonell, G.
- Affiliations
- University of New England (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- The American Journal on Addictions
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-09-27
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 555-557
- ISSN
- 1055-0496 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0391
- OpenAlex
- W1834570847
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal on Addictions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- tobacco control, smoking cessation, stages of change, smokers, written warning, health warnings
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Product Labeling, Smoking, Smoking Cessation
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