Late‐Onset Epilepsy: Etiologies, Types of Seizure, and Value of Clinical Investigation, EEG, and Computerized Tomography Scan
Abstract
Summary: Approximately 25% of patients with epilepsy will have their first seizure after the age of 25 years. These individuals will need special attention with regard to etiology. Brain tumor is one of several causes that may be suspected. The present study of 221 patients with late‐onset epilepsy from the University Clinic of Neurology, Hvidorvre hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, was undertaken to took for menas to select those cases in which computerized tomography (CT) scan should be performed. Brain tumor was the cause in 16% and cerebrovascular infarctions in 14%. The major etiological group was the one in which no cause could be detected (38%). Alcohol abuse as the etiology—defined as cases with a history of long‐standing alcohol overuse, concomitant signs of alcohol intoxication, and spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures—made up a group of one‐fourth of all the patients with late‐onset epilepsy. Comparison of the history, clinical symptoms and sings, EEG abnormalities, and CT scan speaks in favor of some consideration being given to the first three parameters before the CT scan is performed. RÉSUMÉ: Environ 25% des épileptiques ont leur première crise après l'âge de 25 ans. Ils doivent être étudiès avec attention sur le plan étiologique L'existence d'une tumeur cérébrale est l'une des causes qui doit être suspectée. Une étude de 221 patients ayant une épilepsie d'apparition tardive observés à la Clinique Universitaire de Neurologie (Hvidrove Hôpital) à Copenhague a été entreprese pout rechercher quels sont les cas qui doivent être choisis pour avoir un CT Scan. Une tumeur cérébrale a été trouvée dans 16% des cas, et un infarctus cerebrovasculaire dans 14%. Le groupe le plus important est celui où aucune cause n'a été dpcelée (38%). L'ætiologie alcolique (définie avec les paramètres suivants: Une anamnèse d'alcoolisme chronique, des signes concomitants d'intoxication alcoolique et des crises épileptiques spontanées répétées) a été retenue chez 1/4 des patients avec épilepsie tardive. Une étude de l'histoire clinique, des signes et des symptômes cliniques, des anomalies EEG par rapport aux données du scanner, parle en faveur de l'importance des 3 premiers paramètres dans l'indication de la scannographie. RESUMEN: Aproximádamente el 25% de los enfermos con epilepsía tienensu primer ataque después delos 25 años de edad y necesitan atención especial con respecto a su etiología. Los tumores cerebrales son una de las varias causas a tener en cuenta. El estudio actual de 221 pacientes con comienzo tardío de epilepsía de la Clínica Neurológica Universitaria de Hospital de Hvidovre Copenhagen, se ha llevado a cabo para detectar los casos que deben ser estudiados mediante un CT. Los tumores cerebrales dueron la causa del 16% y los accidentes cerebro‐vasculares isquémicos en el 14%. En el 38% de los casos, el grupo más numeroso, no se encontró causa alguna. El abuso en la ingestión de alcohol como causa, definiendo los casos con una historia prolongada de abuso, signos concomitantes de intoxicación alcohólica y ataques epilépticos espontáneos recurrentes, constituyó 1/4 de todos los pacientes de epilepsía de comienzo tardío. La comparación de la historia, los signos y síntomas clínicos, las anormalidades del EEG y el CT, hablan en favor de considerar de modo especial a los tres paámetros mencoinados antes de realizar un CT. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Annähernd 25% der Patienten mit Epilepsie erleben ihren ersten Anfall nach dem 25. Lebensjahr. Sie bedürfen besonderer Aufmerksamkeit hinsichtlich der Ätiologie. Der Hirntumor ist einer von mehreren möglichen Ursachen. Die gegenwärtige Untersuchung von 221 Patienten der Universitäts‐Klinik für Neurologie, Hvidovre‐Krankenhaus Kopenhagen, mit spät berginnender Epilepsie wurde unternommen, um Kriterien für die Durchführung eines CT‐Scans zu finden. Bei 16% der Patienten lag ursächlich ein Hirntumor, bei 14% ein zerebrovaskulärer Infarkt zugrunde. Die gröβte ätiologische Gruppe (38%) blieb ungekäkt. Ein ätiologisch bedeutsamer Alkoholmiβbrauch wurde bei einem Viertel aller Patienten mit spät beginnender Epilepsie gefunden. Der Alkoholmiβbrauch wurde definiert als Anamnese mit lange bestehendem Miβbrauch, begleitenden Symptomen einer Alkoholintoxikation und spontan rezidivierenden epileptischen Anfällen. Der Vergleich von Anamnese, klinischen Symptomen, EEG‐Befunden und CT‐Scan spricht für die besondere Bedeutung, die den ersten drei Parametern zukommt, bevor ein CT‐Scan durchgekhrt wird.
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Other theories postulate cerebral atrophy, cerebrovascular infarctions, lesions, traumas, neuroplasticity and chronic electrolyte imbalances as leading to the onset of seizures.
“Other theories postulate cerebral atrophy, cerebrovascular infarctions, lesions, traumas, neuroplasticity and chronic electrolyte imbalances as leading to the onset of seizures 233, 234, 235.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [233]
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- Authors
- Dam, A. M., Fuglsang‐Frederiksen, A., Svarre‐Olsen, U., & Dam, M.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Hvidovre Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Dam, Agnete Mouritzen
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1985-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 227-231
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W1984399810
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Keywords
- late-onset epilepsy, adult-onset epilepsy, epilepsy etiology, brain tumors, cerebral infarction, alcoholism, alcohol intoxication, seizure types, EEG abnormalities, computed tomography, idiopathic epilepsy, clinical research, Denmark
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Brain Injuries, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Infarction, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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