The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing the Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale
Abstract
OBJECTIVES : To develop an adjunct scale to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) for assessing the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients on caregiver distress. DESIGN : Cross‐sectional descriptive and correlational study. SETTING : University out‐patient memory disorders clinics. PARTICIPANTS : Eighty‐five AD subjects and their caregivers (54 spouses, 31 children). MEASUREMENTS : The NPI and NPI Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI‐D) were used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients and related caregiver distress, respectively. Criterion validity of the NPI‐D was examined (N = 69) by comparison with an abridged version of the Relatives' Stress Scale (RSS'), a general measure of caregiver stress, using item clusters that had previously been correlated to behavioral disturbances in demented patients. Test‐retest (n = 20) and inter‐rater reliability (n = 16) of the NPI‐D were also assessed. RESULTS : Test‐retest and interrater reliability of the NPI‐D were both adequate. Overall, caregiver NPI‐D distress ratings were correlated significantly with the RSS' ( r = .60, P < .001). RSS' ratings correlated strongly with NPI scores ( r = .64, P < .001), even after controlling for degree of cognitive impairment based on the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE) score ( r = .61). MMSE scores showed a moderate correlation to RSS' ratings (‐.30, P = .02), but this association was markedly attenuated when controlling for the degree of neuropsychiatric disturbance based on the NPI score ( r = −.14). NPI‐D ratings for 9 of 10 NPI symptom domains correlated most strongly with either NPI symptom severity or total (frequency × severity) scores. Agitation, dysphoria, irritability, delusions, and apathy were the symptoms most often reported to be severely distressing to caregivers. CONCLUSIONS : The NPI‐D provides a reliable and valid measure of subjective caregiver distress in relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms measured by the NPI. Neuropsychiatric alterations are more strongly associated than cognitive symptoms to caregiver distress. The NPI‐D may be useful in both clinical and research settings for assessing the contribution to caregiver distress of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients.
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The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568
Self-citationCaregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures
Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/30.5.583 · Cited by 4,810
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease
(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 · Cited by 4,175
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Dementia Caregiver Burden: a Research Update and Critical Analysis
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Ismail, Z., for the NPS Professional Interest Area of the International Society of to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (NPS-PIA of ISTAART), Agüera-Ortiz, L., Brodaty, H., Cieslak, A., Cummings, J., Fischer, C. E., Gauthier, S., Geda, Y. E., Herrmann, N., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160979 · Cited by 530
Self-citationCholinesterase Inhibitors: A New Class of Psychotropic Compounds
Cummings, J. L. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.4 · Cited by 384
Self-citationvan Reekum, R., Stuss, D. T., & Ostrander, L. (2005) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.17.1.7 · Cited by 360
Donepezil for the Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease
Howard, R. J., Juszczak, E., Ballard, C. G., Bentham, P., Brown, R. G., Bullock, R., Burns, A. S., Holmes, C., Jacoby, R., Johnson, T., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066583 · Cited by 327
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaufer, D. I., Cummings, J. L., Christine, D., Bray, T., Castellon, S., Masterman, D., MacMillan, A., Ketchel, P., & DeKosky, S. T.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-215
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2079662917
- Cited by
- 606
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 8.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Assessing the Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02542.x
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- Kaufer, D. I., Cummings, J. L., Christine, D., Bray, T., Castellon, S., Masterman, D., MacMillan, A., Ketchel, P., & DeKosky, S. T. (1998). Assessing the Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02542.x
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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