The mild behavioral impairment checklist (MBI-C): A rating scale for neuropsychiatric symptoms in pre-dementia populations
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a construct that describes the emergence at ≥50 years of age of sustained and impactful neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), as a precursor to cognitive decline and dementia. MBI describes NPS of any severity, which are not captured by traditional psychiatric nosology, persist for at least 6 months, and occur in advance of or in concert with mild cognitive impairment. While the detection and description of MBI has been operationalized in the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment - Alzheimer's Association (ISTAART-AA) research diagnostic criteria, there is no instrument that accurately reflects MBI as described. OBJECTIVE: To develop an instrument based on ISTAART-AA MBI criteria. METHODS: Eighteen subject matter experts participated in development using a modified Delphi process. An iterative process ensured items reflected the five MBI domains of 1) decreased motivation; 2) emotional dysregulation; 3) impulse dyscontrol; 4) social inappropriateness; and 5) abnormal perception or thought content. Instrument language was developed a priori to pertain to non-demented functionally independent older adults. RESULTS: We present the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C), a 34-item instrument, which can easily be completed by a patient, close informant, or clinician. CONCLUSION: The MBI-C provides the first measure specifically developed to assess the MBI construct as explicitly described in the criteria. Its utility lies in MBI case detection, and monitoring the emergence of MBI symptoms and domains over time. Studies are required to determine the prognostic value of MBI for dementia development, and for predicting different dementia subtypes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist does not facilitate the differentiation of PPD from bvFTD.
“The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist is a more specific tool to measure later-life behavioural changes that can be the harbinger of dementia (Ismail et al. , 2017); however, it does not facilitate the differentiation of PPD from bvFTD.”
From Recommendations to distinguish behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders (2020) · cites this paper as Ismail et al., 2017
The MBI-C is different from traditional measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms as it is comprehensive and allows detecting behavioural changes that are also common in non-Alzheimer's dementias.
“The MBI-C is different from traditional measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms as the measure is comprehensive and allows detecting behavioural changes that are also common in non-Alzheimer's dementias (Ismail et al., 2017).”
From Exploring the impact of carer stressors and psychological inflexibility on depression and anxiety in family carers of people with dementia (2020) · cites this paper as Ismail et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,010 · see citing works
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589 · see citing works
McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005 · Cited by 18,657 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · see citing works
Self-citationAppelhof, B., Bakker, C., den IJssel, J. C. L. V. D., Zwijsen, S. A., Smalbrugge, M., Verhey, F. R. J., de Vugt, M. E., Zuidema, S. U., & Koopmans, R. T. C. M. (2017) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000477087 · Cited by 2,773 · see citing works
Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use
Fink, A., Kosecoff, J., Chassin, M., & Brook, R. H. (1984) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.74.9.979 · Cited by 2,089 · see citing works
Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J. C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E. G., Cummings, J. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.9.1133 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.10s · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of the NPI-Q, a Brief Clinical Form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Kaufer, D., Cummings, J. L., Ketchel, P., Smith, V. M., MacMillan, A., Shelley, T., López, O. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2000) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.12.2.233 · Cited by 1,978 · see citing works
Self-citationIsmail, Z., Smith, E. E., Geda, Y., Sultzer, D., Brodaty, H., Smith, G., Agüera‐Ortiz, L., Sweet, R., Miller, D., Lyketsos, C. G., et al. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.017 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Self-citationPoint and 5‐year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: the Cache County Study
Steinberg, M., Shao, H., Zandi, P. P., Lyketsos, C. G., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Norton, M. C., Breitner, J. C. S., Steffens, D. C., & Tschanz, J. T. (2007) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1858 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Self-citationKaufer, D., Cummings, J. L., Christine, D., Bray, T., Castellon, S., Masterman, D. L., MacMillan, A., Ketchel, P., & DeKosky, S. T. (1998) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02542.x · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Self-citationWoolley, J. D., Khan, B. K., Murthy, N. K., Miller, B. L., & Rankin, K. P. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06382oli · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Ismail, Z., Elbayoumi, H., Fischer, C. E., Hogan, D. B., Millikin, C. P., Schweizer, T., Mortby, M. E., Smith, E. E., Patten, S. B., & Fiest, K. M. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Cognitive Aging
Geda, Y. E., Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., Christianson, T. J. H., Pankratz, V. S., Smith, G. E., Boeve, B. F., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.10.1193 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Self-citationPeters, M. E., Schwartz, S., Han, D., Rabins, P. V., Steinberg, M., Tschanz, J. T., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040480 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Past progress and anticipation of the future
Geda, Y. E., Schneider, L. S., Gitlin, L. N., Miller, D. S., Smith, G. S., Bell, J., Evans, J., Lee, M., Porsteinsson, A., Lanctôt, K. L., et al. (2013) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.12.001 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citationThe association of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI with incident dementia and Alzheimer disease
Rosenberg, P. B., Mielke, M. M., Appleby, B. S., Oh, E. S., Geda, Y. E., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2013) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.006 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Self-citationGeda, Y. E., Roberts, R. O., Mielke, M. M., Knopman, D. S., Christianson, T. J. H., Pankratz, V. S., Boeve, B. F., Sochor, O., Tangalos, E. G., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13060821 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral disorders in the frontal and temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia
Liu, W., Miller, B. L., Kramer, J. H., Rankin, K., Wyss-Coray, C., Gearhart, R., Phengrasamy, L., Weiner, M., & Rosen, H. J. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000113729.77161.c9 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Neuropathologic and Neurochemical Correlates of Psychosis in Primary Dementia
Zubenko, G. S., Moossy, J. J., Martinez, A. J., Rao, G., Claassen, D. O., Rosen, J., & Kopp, U. (1991) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530180075020 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
de Medeiros, K., Robert, P. H., Gauthier, S. G., Stella, F., Politis, A. M., Leoutsakos, J., Taragano, F. E., Kremer, J., Brugnolo, A., Porsteinsson, A. P., et al. (2010) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610210000876 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationKarttunen, K., Karppi, P., Hiltunen, A., Vanhanen, M., Välimäki, T. H., Martikainen, J. A., Valtonen, H. J., Sivenius, J., Soininen, H. S., Hartikainen, S. A., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2550 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Why has therapy development for dementia failed in the last two decades?
Gauthier, S., Albert, M., Fox, N., Goedert, M., Kivipelto, M., Mestre‐Ferrandiz, J., & Middleton, L. T. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.12.003 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationStern, Y., Albert, M., Brandt, J., Jacobs, D. M., Tang, M.-X., Marder, K. S., Bell, K. L., Sano, M. E. B., Devanand, D. P., Bylsma, F., et al. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2300 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Donovan, N. J., Amariglio, R. E., Zoller, A. S., Rudel, R. K., Gómez‐Isla, T., Blacker, D., Hyman, B. T., Locascio, J. J., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2014.02.007 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Mild Behavioral Impairment and Risk of Dementia
Taragano, F. E., Allegri, R., Krupitzki, H. B., Sarasola, D., Serrano, C. M., Loñ, L., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04181 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationMedical Assessment by a Delphi Group Opinion Technic
Milholland, A. V., Wheeler, S. G., & Heieck, J. J. (1973) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197306142882405 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment
Feldman, H., Scheltens, P., Scarpini, E. A., Hermann, N., Mesenbrink, P. G., Mancione, L., Tekin, S., Lane, R. M., & Ferris, S. H. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000118301.92105.ee · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (BEHAVE-AD) Rating Scale
Reisberg, B., Auer, S. R., & Monteiro, I. M. (1997) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610297003529 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
A FREQUENCY ADDENDUM TO THE BEHAVIORAL PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE RATING SCALE (BEHAVE-AD)
Monteiro, I. M., Boksay, I., Auer, S., Torossian, C. L., Sinaiko, E. A., & Reisberg, . (1999) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-199911001-00147 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Noncognitive” symptoms of early Alzheimer disease
Masters, M. C., Morris, J. C., & Roe, C. M. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001238 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Peters, M. E., Rosenberg, P. B., Steinberg, M., Norton, M. C., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Hayden, K. M., Breitner, J., Tschanz, J. T., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2013) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.049 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: Importance and treatment considerations
Ballard, C. G., Day, S., Sharp, S. I., Wing, G., & Sorensen, S. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802099968 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms, APOE ε4, and the risk of incident dementia
Pink, A., Stokin, G. B., Bartley, M. M., Roberts, R. O., Sochor, O., Machulda, M. M., Krell‐Roesch, J., Knopman, D. S., Acosta, J. I., Christianson, T. J. H., et al. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001307 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationSultzer, D. L., Levin, H. S., Mahler, M. E., High, W. M., & Cummings, J. L. (1992) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02101.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationMiller, R. J., Snowdon, J. A., & Vaughan, R. (1995) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06104.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia as a Risk Factor for Nursing Home Placement
Balestreri, L., Grossberg, A., & Grossberg, G. T. (2000) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610200006773 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Delusions Increase Functional Impairment in Alzheimers Disease
Fischer, C. E., Ismail, Z., & Schweizer, T. A. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000339954 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationBanks, S. J., Raman, R., He, F., Salmon, D. P., Ferris, S., Aisen, P., & Cummings, J. (2014) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000357775 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Spotlight on the January 6 Issue
Gross, R. A. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001116 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Köhler, S., Allardyce, J., Verhey, F. R. J., McKeith, I. G., Matthews, F. E., Brayne, C., & Savva, G. M. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Latent classes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in NACC controls and conversion to MCI or dementia
Leoutsakos, J., Forrester, S. N., Lyketsos, C., & Smith, G. S. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150421 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationKørner, A., Lopez, A. G., Lauritzen, L., Andersen, P. K., & Kessing, L. V. (2009) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00505.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms On Caregiver Burden in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Fischer, C. E., Ismail, Z., & Schweizer, T. A. (2012) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.12.19 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationA short‐term inpatient program for agitated demented nursing home residents
Wiener, P. K., Kiosses, D. N., Klimstra, S., Murphy, C. F., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2001) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.437 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Applied to Neuropsychiatry Practice
Devineni, B., & Onyike, C. U. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.02.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationSchölzel-Dorenbos, C. J. M. (2006) · Tijdschrift voor VerpleeghuisGeneeskunde · doi:10.1007/bf03075177 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cholinesterase-inhibitor Associated Mania: A Case Report and Literature Review
Jalal, H., Ganesh, A., Lau, R. W. M., Lysack, J. T., & Ismail, Z. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100016735 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationIsmail, Z., Elbayoumi, H., Fischer, C. E., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.624 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: New treatment paradigms
Lanctôt, K. L., Amatniek, J., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Arnold, S. E., Ballard, C., Cohen‐Mansfield, J., Ismail, Z., Lyketsos, C., Miller, D. S., Musiek, E., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.001 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationDucharme, S., Dols, A., Laforce, R., Devenney, E., Kumfor, F., van den Stock, J., Dallaire-Théroux, C., Seelaar, H., Gossink, F., Vijverberg, E., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa018 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationRecommendations of the 5th Canadian Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia
Ismail, Z., Black, S. E., Camicioli, R., Chertkow, H., Herrmann, N., Laforce, R., Montero‐Odasso, M., Rockwood, K., Rosa‐Neto, P., Seitz, D., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12105 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationIsmail, Z., Gatchel, J., Bateman, D. R., Barcelos-Ferreira, R., Cantillon, M., Jaeger, J., Donovan, N. J., Mortby, M. E., & Mortby, M. E. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217001880 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Psychosis in Alzheimer disease—mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities
Ismail, Z., Creese, B., Aarsland, D., Kales, H. C., Lyketsos, C. G., Sweet, R. A., & Ballard, C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00597-3 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationDuara, R., & Barker, W. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-022-01185-z · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The Role of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Research Diagnostic Criteria for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Cummings, J. (2021) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationAssunção, S. S., Sperling, R. A., Ritchie, C., Kerwin, D. R., Aisen, P. S., Lansdall, C., Atri, A., & Cummings, J. (2022) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-00984-y · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationRosen, H. J., Boeve, B. F., & Boxer, A. L. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kishita, N., Contreras, M. L., West, J., & Mioshi, E. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Teixeira, A. L., Rocha, N. P., & Gatchel, J. (2023) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1777774 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Younes, K., Smith, V., Johns, E., Carlson, M. L., Winer, J., He, Z., Henderson, V. W., Greicius, M. D., Young, C. B., & Mormino, E. C. (2024) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ismail, Z., for the NPS Professional Interest Area of the International Society of to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (NPS-PIA of ISTAART), Agüera-Ortiz, L., Brodaty, H., Cieslak, A., Cummings, J., Fischer, C. E., Gauthier, S., Geda, Y. E., Herrmann, N., Kanji, J., Lanctôt, K. L., Miller, D. S., Mortby, M. E., Onyike, C. U., Rosenberg, P. B., Smith, E. E., Smith, G. S., Sultzer, D. L., & Lyketsos, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM,Department of Psychiatry & Research Institute i+12, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and The Ron and Rene Ward Centre for Healthy Brain Aging Research, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Bracket Global, Wayne, PA, USA
- Australian National University (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ismail, Zahinoor
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-02-03
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 929-938
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- PMC
- PMC5652315
- OpenAlex
- W2570315135
- Cited by
- 530
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 16
- FWCI
- 26.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG041633, R01AG038893, P50AG005146)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM109025)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- mild behavioral impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Delphi Technique, Emotions, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Perception, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Thinking, Executive Function, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
