Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs, Aspirin, and Cognitive Function in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relations between the use of nonaspirin, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin and age‐related change in multiple domains of cognitive function in community‐dwelling individuals without dementia. DESIGN: Longitudinal, with measures obtained on one to 18 occasions over up to 45 years. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of up to 2,300 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging free of diagnosed dementia. MEASUREMENTS: At each visit, reported NSAID or aspirin use (yes/no) and tests of verbal and visual memory, attention, perceptuo‐motor speed, confrontation naming, executive function, and mental status. RESULTS: Mixed‐effects regression models revealed that NSAID use was associated with less prospective decline on the Blessed Information‐Memory‐Concentration (I‐M‐C) Test, a mental status test weighted for memory and concentration ( P <.001), and Part B of the Trail Making Test, a test of perceptuo‐motor speed and mental flexibility ( P <.05). In contrast, aspirin use was related to greater prospective decline on the Blessed I‐M‐C Test ( P <.05) and the Benton Visual Retention Test, a test of visual memory ( P <.001). CONCLUSION: Consistent with studies of incident dementia, NSAID users without dementia displayed less prospective decline in cognitive function, but on only two cognitive measures. In contrast, aspirin use was associated with greater prospective cognitive decline on select measures, potentially reflecting its common use for vascular disease prophylaxis. Effect sizes were small, calling into question clinical significance, although overall public health significance may be meaningful.
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Observational research links greater physical activity to better cognitive function.
“The same beneficial effects of increased physical activity on cognitive function have also been documented in observational studies,472 but only 1 small intervention trial has followed up subjects for cognitive improvement after increasing physical exercise.”
From Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2011) · cites this paper as [472]
The Results and Discussion report associations between NSAID or aspirin use and cognitive performance, not between physical activity and cognitive function. Searches for physical activity and exercise found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed observational link; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Waldstein, S. R., Wendell, C. R., Seliger, S. L., Ferrucci, L., Metter, E. J., & Zonderman, A. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Metter, E. Jeffrey
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-43
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC2832849
- OpenAlex
- W1531921250
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (Z01AG000185)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cognitive decline, cognitive function, aging, dementia, memory, visual memory, executive function, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Aspirin, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Young Adult
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