The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pessimism, Computer Failure, and Information Systems Development in the Public Sector
Abstract
The majority of information systems developments are unsuccessful. The larger the development, the more likely it will be unsuccessful. Despite the persistence of this problem for decades and the expenditure of vast sums of money, computer failure has received surprisingly little attention in the public administration literature. This article outlines the problems of enthusiasm and the problems of control, as well as the overwhelming complexity, that make the failure of large developments almost inevitable. Rather than the positive view found in much of the public administration literature, the author suggests a pessimism when it comes to information systems development. Aims for information technology should be modest ones, and in many cases, the risks, uncertainties, and probability of failure mean that new investments in technology are not justified. The author argues for a public official as a recalcitrant, suspicious, and skeptical adopter of IT.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Since these issues were not products of tool design, timeliness, nor budget, but with end users' reluctance to use it, we can -with termi nology borrowed from the study of information system implementation -label the process a clear instance of ' user failure ' (Goldfinch, 2007).”
From Creating a workforce of fatigued cynics? A randomized controlled trial of implementing an algorithmic decision-making support tool (2024) · cites this paper as Goldfinch, 2007
Citations
Cites
The Science of “Muddling Through”
Lindblom, C. E. (1959) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.2307/973677 · Cited by 8,513
A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice
Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392088 · Cited by 8,259
Social Theory and Social Structure.
Stone, G. P., & Merton, R. Κ. (1958) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2390803 · Cited by 4,520
The Unified Software Development Process
Jacobson, I., Booch, G., & Rumbaugh, J. E. (1999) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 3,389
Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach
Fenton, N., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2013) · Cited by 2,517
Unifying the fragmented models of information systems implementation
Kwon, T.-H., & Zmud, R. W. (1987) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · Cited by 1,463
The Logical Framework Method for Defining Project Success
Baccarini, D. (1999) · Project Management Journal · doi:10.1177/875697289903000405 · Cited by 1,136
Rationalism in Politics, and Other Essays.
Franklin, J. H., & Oakeshott, M. (1963) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2023417 · Cited by 1,033
Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1996) · Governance · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.1996.tb00242.x · Cited by 710
Advancing E-Government at the Grassroots: Tortoise or Hare?
Norris, D. F., & Moon, M. J. (2005) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00431.x · Cited by 648
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Beetham David, 1996, Bureaucracy
- Bronson Po, 1999, The Nudist on the Late Shift and Other Tales of Silicon Valley
- Cole Andy, 1995, Runaway Projects: Cause and Effects, Software World (UK), 26, 3
- Evans Mark, 2001, Computerworld New Zealand, 43
- Heeks Richard, 2002, Failure, Success and Improvisation of Information System Projects in Developing Countries
- 10.4324/9780203204962 · DOI
- 10.4324/9780203204962 · DOI
- Hewson N., 1998, ROI in Sales and Marketing Systems
- James Geoffrey, 1997, IT Fiascoes and How to Avoid Them, Datamation, 84
- Korac‐Boisvert N., 1995, Transcending Soft‐Core IT Disasters in Public Sector Organizations, Information Infrastructure and Policy, 4, 131
- Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004, The Challenges of Complex IT Projects
- SIMPL Group, 2000, Information Technology Projects: Performance of the New Zealand Public Sector in Performance
- Swanson E. Burton, 1988, Information System Implementation: Bridging the Gap between Design and Implementation
- Teega Associates, 2003, Automation Program Evaluation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 283
Why Change Programmes Don't Produce Change
McDonagh, J. (2015) · Advances in IT personnel and project management · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-7473-8.ch014 · Cited by 15
Lessons learned from England's national electronic health record implementation
Cresswell, K. M., Robertson, A. R. R., & Sheikh, A. (2012) · International Health Informatics Symposium · doi:10.1145/2110363.2110441 · Cited by 14
Mitchell, D. A., Larson, S., Colantonio, C., & Nguyen, C. (2018) · State and Local Government Review · doi:10.1177/0160323x18785695 · Cited by 14
Digital governance success factors and barriers to success in prague
Melitski, J., Carrizales, T. J., Manoharan, A., & Holzer, M. (2011) · International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior · doi:10.1108/ijotb-14-04-2011-b001 · Cited by 14
Citizen Attitudes about Open Government and Government 2.0
Nam, T. (2016) · International Journal of Electronic Government Research · doi:10.4018/ijegr.2016100104 · Cited by 16
Döring, M., Mikkelsen, K. S., Madsen, J. K., & Haug, K. B. (2024) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2024.101911 · Cited by 13
Revillod, G. (2025) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/sres.3140 · Cited by 18
Damoah, I. S., Ayakwah, A., & Twum, P. (2021) · Journal of Project Management · doi:10.5267/j.jpm.2021.7.003 · Cited by 13
Nine Challenges for e-Government Action Researchers
Berger, J. B., & Rose, J. (2015) · International Journal of Electronic Government Research · doi:10.4018/ijegr.2015070104 · Cited by 12
Towards E-Government Project Assessment: European Approach
Mates, P., Lechner, T., Rieger, P., & Pěkná, J. (2013) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) · Cited by 12
Examining the Impact of Training in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
Harris, M. E., Mills, R. J., Fawson, C., & Johnson, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2016.1230725 · Cited by 16
Causes of government construction projects’ abandonment
Damoah, I. S., Ayakwah, A., & Kumi, D. K. (2021) · Journal of Project Management · doi:10.5267/j.jpm.2021.5.004 · Cited by 11
ENGAGED SCHOLARSHIP IN RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN GOVERNMENT
Medaglia, R. (2011) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2011.605903 · Cited by 11
Contributing factors to E-government service disruptions
Abdullah, N. A. S., Noor, N. L. M., & Ibrahim, E. N. M. (2016) · Transforming Government People Process and Policy · doi:10.1108/tg-10-2014-0045 · Cited by 11
Haque, A. U., & Mantode, K. L. (2013) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_23 · Cited by 11
Why Change Programmes Don't Produce Change
McDonagh, J. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0196-1.ch105 · Cited by 10
The doctrine of the mean: Reference groups and public information systems development
Du, K., & Dai, Y. (2017) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2017.11.003 · Cited by 10
Meidani, Z., Farzandipour, M., Gilasi, H., & Dehghan, R. (2017) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.4103/atmph.atmph_531_17 · Cited by 10
Understanding the Dialectic Relationship between Intraand Inter-Organizational Cooperation
Baker, K. P. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-106-3.ch046 · Cited by 10
Fearon, C., McLaughlin, H. L., & Jackson, S. (2012) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2012.690781 · Cited by 12
A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating E Government Systems Success: A Service Ecosystem Approach
Sterrenberg, G. (2017) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2017.306 · Cited by 10
Borg, M., Olsson, T., Franke, U., & Assar, S. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.00312 · Cited by 10
Mission Impossible? Exploring the Limits of Managing Large IT Projects and Ways to Cross the Line
Winter, R., Rohner, P., & Kiselev, C. (2019) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2019.768 · Cited by 9
Why SPI Initiative Failed: Contextual Factors and Changing Software Development Environment
Virtanen, P., Pekkola, S., & Päivärinta, T. (2013) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2013.609 · Cited by 9
User Resistance to Information System Implementations: A Dual-Mode Processing Perspective
Campbell, R. H., & Grimshaw, M. (2016) · Information Systems Management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2016.1155951 · Cited by 9
Critical appraisal on project management approaches in e-Government
Sarantis, D., Askounis, D., & Smithson, S. (2009) · International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1109/ictke.2009.5397335 · Cited by 9
Determinants of collaborative interfaces in public-private IT outsourcing relationships
Duhamel, F. B., Gutierrez-Martinez, I. O., Picazo-Vela, S., & Luna‐Reyes, L. F. (2018) · Transforming Government People Process and Policy · doi:10.1108/tg-07-2017-0042 · Cited by 9
Digitalisation in the Public Sector
Maxwell, L., Taner, E., & Jonathan, G. M. (2019) · International Journal on IT/Business Alignment and Governance · doi:10.4018/ijitbag.2019070103 · Cited by 12
Marienfeldt, J. (2021) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijpsm-12-2020-0325 · Cited by 9
Reasons for the Failure of Information Technology Projects in the Public Sector
Rajala, T., & Aaltonen, H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29980-4_78 · Cited by 9
Ganapati, S., & Reddick, C. G. (2016) · Journal of Public Affairs Education · doi:10.1080/15236803.2016.12002245 · Cited by 9
Understanding Factors Influencing Citizens' Intentions to Use Electronic Government (e-Gov) Services
Alryalat, M. A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Electronic Government Research · doi:10.4018/ijegr.344421 · Cited by 8
How you buy affects what you get: Technology acquisition by state governments
Pierson, K., & Thompson, F. (2016) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.06.003 · Cited by 8
Cauter, L. V., Snoeck, M., & Crompvoets, J. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44426-9_6 · Cited by 8
Towards safe information technology in health care
Aarts, J. (2011) · Information Knowledge Systems Management · doi:10.3233/iks-2012-0200 · Cited by 8
SUSTAINABILITY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITING
Rahman, A. A. B. L. A., AI-Nemrat, A., & Preston, D. S. (2014) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · Cited by 8
Rahman, A. A. L. A., Islam, S., & AI-Nemrat, A. (2015) · International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS) · doi:10.1109/rcis.2015.7128862 · Cited by 8
IT Management in Local Government: Engaged Problem Formulation
Nielsen, P. A., & Persson, J. S. (2010) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · Cited by 7
Agile Development for Digital Government Services: Challenges and Success Factors
Kupi, M., & McBride, K. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_11 · Cited by 7
Germundsson, N. (2024) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2024.2421879 · Cited by 8
IT Business Cases in Local Government: An Action Research Study
Nielsen, P. A., & Persson, J. S. (2012) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2012.393 · Cited by 7
Birth, life and death of the Victorian Education Ultranet
Tatnall, A., & Davey, B. (2018) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-017-9679-x · Cited by 7
Searching Success in a Successful IS Acquisition
Ylinen, M., & Pekkola, S. (2018) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.603 · Cited by 7
How to Create Public Value Through Open Data Driven Co-Creation
Callinan, C., Scott, M., Ojo, A., & Whelan, E. (2018) · International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance · doi:10.1145/3209415.3209457 · Cited by 7
Adoption Patterns for the Digital Post System by Danish Municipalities and Citizens
Berger, J. B., & Hertzum, M. (2014) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 7
Doherty, M. J. (2012) · Cited by 7
A Methodological Critique of the Interpretive Ranking Process for Examining IS Project Failure
Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2019) · Information Systems Management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2019.1696588 · Cited by 7
Success and Failure of Local E-Government Projects
AbdelSalam, H. M. E.-S., Reddick, C. G., & Kadi, H. A. E. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1740-7.ch010 · Cited by 7
Understanding the Value of Enterprise Architecture for Organizations: A Grounded Theory Approach
Nassiff, E. (2012) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 7
National Digital Infrastructure and India’s Healthcare Sector: Physician’s Perspectives
Chandwani, R. K., Edacherian, S., & Sud, M. (2023) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2023.4964 · Cited by 7
Improving E-Government Project Management
Aikins, S. K. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-0086-7.ch003 · Cited by 6
Khisro, J. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57599-1_6 · Cited by 6
The characteristics of successful military IT projects: a cross-country empirical study
Berg, H., & Ritschel, J. D. (2023) · International journal of information systems and project management · doi:10.12821/ijispm110202 · Cited by 6
Kafaji, M. (2013) · Problems of Management in the 21st Century · doi:10.33225/pmc/13.08.55b · Cited by 6
Learning from Project Failure: Globalization Lessons for an MNC
Chanda, S. S., & Ray, S. (2015) · Thunderbird International Business Review · doi:10.1002/tie.21776 · Cited by 6
Doherty, M. J. (2011) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 6
Salamntu, L. T. P., & Seymour, L. F. (2014) · Cited by 5
Measuring Level of Technological Infrastructure in Smart Cities: A Non-compensatory Approach
Ivaldi, E., & Ciacci, A. (2020) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50131-0_5 · Cited by 5
Successful IT projects – A multiple case study of benefits management practices
Berg, H., Holgeid, K. K., Jørgensen, M., & Volden, G. H. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.482 · Cited by 5
ICIS 2009 PHOENIX UNDERSTANDING NET BENEFITS: A CITIZEN-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON EGOVERNMENT SUCCESS
Scott, M., DeLone, W. H., & Golden, W. (2009) · Cited by 5
Understanding E-Government Implementation from an NPM Strategic Reform Perspective
Scott, M., & Robbins, G. (2010) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.02726 · Cited by 5
IT project portfolio governance practice: An investigation into work design problems
Hansen, L. K., Kræmmergaard, P., & Mathiassen, L. (2017) · Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research · doi:10.1080/15228053.2017.1338072 · Cited by 5
Fohim, E., Jacobs, C. D., & Sieger, P. (2025) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2025.2566903 · Cited by 7
When digitalisation enhances public (in)efficiency
Moggi, S., Zardini, A., & Rossignoli, C. (2025) · Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management · doi:10.1108/jpbafm-10-2024-0216 · Cited by 7
Kusumadewi, S., Hardiyanti, C., & Kurniawan, R. (2024) · Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence · doi:10.20473/jisebi.10.1.152-166 · Cited by 4
Considering Contemporary Project Management Approaches against E-Government Challenges
Sarantis, D., Askounis, D., & Smithson, S. (2009) · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE) · doi:10.1109/cise.2009.5366574 · Cited by 4
Wahid, F. (2011) · Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi (SNATI) · Cited by 4
Suryani, W. D., & Sumiyana, S. (2015) · Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business · doi:10.22146/jieb.6203 · Cited by 4
FLOSS Project Management in Government-Academia Collaboration
Wen, M., Meirelles, P., Siqueira, R., & Kon, F. (2018) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92375-8_2 · Cited by 4
Koper, C. S., & Lum, C. (2019) · Police Innovation · doi:10.1017/9781108278423.023 · Cited by 2
Mobile Application and Web 2.0 as an E-Participation Mechanism: A Literature Analysis
Manaf, H. B. A., & Man, M. N. S. (2021) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v15i06.20673 · Cited by 4
Reasons for the Failure of Information Technology Projects in the Public Sector
Rajala, T., & Aaltonen, H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03008-7_78-1 · Cited by 4
New Questions for E-Government
Roman, A. V., & Miller, H. T. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch114 · Cited by 4
Zarama, G., & Vinck, D. (2008) · Reciis · doi:10.3395/reciis.v2i1.159pt · Cited by 4
Les opinions des citoyens à propos de la gouvernance ouverte et du gouvernement 2.0
Nam, T. (2012) · Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives · doi:10.3917/risa.782.0367 · Cited by 5
Incorporating a Training Construct into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
Harris, M. E. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/3341-ad4c · Cited by 4
The role of ICT, skills and organizational change in public sector performance
Zanfei, A., & Seri, P. (2016) · ARGOMENTI · doi:10.14276/1971-8357.515 · Cited by 4
Communicating the Implementation of Open Notes to Health Care Professionals: Mixed Methods Study
Jonnergård, K., Petersson, L., & Erlingsdóttir, G. (2021) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/22391 · Cited by 4
Using TAM to Study the User Acceptance of IT in the Yemeni Public Sector
Wahdain, E. A., Ahmad, M. N., & Zakaria, N. H. (2014) · International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering · doi:10.7763/ijcce.2014.v3.312 · Cited by 3
IT system development via project management: A phenomenological and statistical study
Taba, N. H., & Khatavakhotan, A. S. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA) · doi:10.1109/icsima.2017.8311995 · Cited by 3
Improving E-Government Project Management
Aikins, S. K. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1740-7.ch065 · Cited by 3
National and sectoral information technology planning: a systematic literature review
Alidousti, S., & Sahli, F. (2024) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijpsm-09-2023-0286 · Cited by 6
A Performance Management Model for Agile Information Systems Development Teams
Lohan, G., Lang, M., & Conboy, K. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7540-8_23 · Cited by 3
Evaluating state of information systems failure in developing countries using ITPOSMO model
Alduraywish, Y. A., Xu, Y., & Salonitis, K. (2017) · International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC) · doi:10.23919/iconac.2017.8082032 · Cited by 3
Impacts of Digitalization: Many Agendas on Different Levels
Hellsten, P., & Pekkola, S. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.253 · Cited by 3
Using Opportunity Costs to Counter “One-Shot Bias” in Policy Innovation
Elston, T., & Bevan, G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03008-7_35-1 · Cited by 3
Is Agile the Answer? The Case of UK Universal Credit
Michaelson, R. (2013) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_18 · Cited by 3
Public e-service sustainability failure factors: project stakeholder's views
Nawi, H. S. A., Ibrahim, O., & Rahman, A. A. (2013) · Cited by 3
Endless Bad Projects or Evidence-Based Practice? An Agenda for Action
Oates, B. J., Wainwright, D. W., & Edwards, H. M. (2013) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_43 · Cited by 3
Exploring Control Tensions in IS Project Portfolio Management.
O’Dwyer, O., Sweetman, R., & Conboy, K. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 3
Vashist, R., McKay, J., & Marshall, P. (2011) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · Cited by 3
An Empirical Study on the Adoption of Agile Software Development in Public Organizations
Vacari, I., & Prikladnicki, R. (2017) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55907-0_1 · Cited by 3
Yustikarana, P. B. E., & Wirakusuma, M. G. (2019) · E-Jurnal Akuntansi · doi:10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p13 · Cited by 3
Goldfinch, S. F. (2009) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849802031.00008 · Cited by 3
Self-citationWang, L., & Müller, R. (2026) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2026.102851 · Cited by 2
Formative evaluation and user engagement: A model to ensure value from e-government
Berger, J. B. (2015) · IOS Press eBooks · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-570-8-193 · Cited by 2
Varotsis, N. (2022) · Theoretical Economics Letters · doi:10.4236/tel.2022.126100 · Cited by 2
Why Digitalization is NOT on the Local Political Agenda: Findings From Danish Local Governments
Kristensen, K. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.2023.10663 · Cited by 4
Position paper: public policy implications in publicly funded infrastructure projects
Naqbi, K. K. M. A., Ojiako, U., Al-Mhdawi, M. K. S., Chipulu, M., Dweiri, F. T., Bashir, H. A., & AlRaeesi, E. J. H. (2024) · Smart and Sustainable Built Environment · doi:10.1108/sasbe-06-2024-0225 · Cited by 2
Arkatov, D., & Filatova, O. G. (2024) · International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance · doi:10.1145/3680127.3680158 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldfinch, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Goldfinch, Shaun
- ORCID
- Goldfinch, Shaun
- Venue
- Public Administration Review
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 917-929
- ISSN
- 0033-3352 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-6210
- OpenAlex
- W1966931213
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 49.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Public Administration Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › E-Government and Public Services
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Technology Governance and Strategy
- Keywords
- information system development, public sector IT, project failure, computer system failures, pessimism, enthusiasm, control, complexity, risk and uncertainty, IT investment, public officials, technology adoption, information technology in public administration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review