The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intravascular Extraction of Problematic or Infected Permanent Pacemaker Leads: 1994–1996
Abstract
Of the 400,000–500,000 permanent pacemaker leads implanted worldwide each year, around 10% may eventually fail or become infected, becoming potential candidates for removal. Intravascular techniques for removing problematic or infected leads evolved over a 5‐year period (1989–1993). This article analyzes results from January 1994 through April 1996, a period during which techniques were fairly stable. Extraction of 3,540 leads from 2,338 patients was attempted at 226 centers. Indications were: infection (27%), nonfunctional or incompatible leads (25%), Accufix® or Encor® leads (46%), or other causes (2%). Patients were 64 ± 17 years of age (range 5–96); 59% were men, 41% women. Leads were implanted 47 ± 41 months (maximum 26 years), in the atrium (53%), ventricle (46%), or SVC (1%). Extraction was attempted via the implant vein using locking stylets and dilator sheaths, and/or transfemorally using snares, retrieval baskets, and sheaths. Complete removal was achieved for 93% of leads, partial for 5%, and 2% were not removed. Risk of incomplete or failed extraction increased with implant duration (P < 0.0001), less experienced physicians (P < 0.0001), ventricular leads (P < 0.005), noninfected patients (P < 0.0005), and younger patients (P < 0.0001). Major complications were reported for 1.4% of patients (< 1% at centers with > 300 cases), minor for 1.7%. Risk of complications increased with number of leads removed (P < 0.005) and with less experienced physicians (P < 0.005); risk of major complications was higher for women (P < 0.01). Given physician experience, appropriate precautions, and appropriate patient selection, contemporary lead removal techniques allow success with low complication rates.
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Citations
Cites
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Permanent Pacemaker Implantation: A Meta-Analysis
Da Costa, A., Kirkorian, G., Cucherat, M., Delahaye, F., Chevalier, P., Cerisier, A., Isaaz, K., & Touboul, P. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1796 · Cited by 362
Five‐Years Experience with Intravascular Lead Extraction
SMITH, H. J., FEARNOT, N. E., BYRD, C. L., WILKOFF, B. L., LOVE, C. J., SELLERS, T. D., & DATABASE, F. T. U. S. L. E. (1994) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb03792.x · Cited by 278
Self-citationECTOR, H., REYBROUCK, T., HEIDBÜCHEL, H., GEWILLIG, M., & VAN DE WERF, F. (1998) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01087.x · Cited by 167
Survey of cardiac pacing and defibrillation in the United States in 1993
Bernstein, A. D., & Parsonnet, V. (1996) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)90394-x · Cited by 126
Extraction of implanted transvenous pacing leads: A review of a persistent clinical problem
Myers, M. R., Parsonnet, V., & Bernstein, A. D. (1991) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90203-t · Cited by 76
Kawanishi, D. T., SONG, S. L., Furman, S., Parsonnet, V., PIOGER, G., PETITOT, J. C., GODIN, J., & for the BILITCH REGISTRY and STIMAREC (1996) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03232.x · Cited by 23
Cited by
Kusumoto, F. M., Schoenfeld, M. H., Wilkoff, B. L., Berul, C. I., Birgersdotter-Green, U. M., Carrillo, R., Cha, Y.-M., Clancy, J., Deharo, J.-C., Ellenbogen, K. A., et al. (2017) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.09.001 · Cited by 1,199
Self-citationLead Extraction in the Contemporary Setting: The LExICon Study
Wazni, O., Epstein, L. M., Carrillo, R. G., Love, C., Adler, S. W., Riggio, D. W., Karim, S. S., Bashir, J., Greenspon, A. J., DiMarco, J. P., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.070 · Cited by 584
Self-citationBongiorni, M. G., Burri, H., Deharo, J. C., Starck, C., Kennergren, C., Saghy, L., Rao, A., Tascini, C., Lever, N., Kutarski, A., et al. (2018) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euy050 · Cited by 401
Self-citationNORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PACING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LEAD EXTRACTION CONFERENCE FACULTY, LOVE, C. J., WILKOFF, B. L., BYRD, C. L., BELOTT, P. H., BRINKER, J. A., FEARNOT, N. E., FRIEDMAN, R. A., FURMAN, S., GOODE, L. B., et al. (2000) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00845.x · Cited by 353
Self-citationGould, P. A. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.16.1907 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- BYRD, C. L., WILKOFF, B. L., LOVE, C. J., SELLERS, T. D., TURK, K. T., REEVES, R., YOUNG, R., CREVEY, B., KUTALEK, S. P., FREEDMAN, R., FRIEDMAN, R., TRANTHAM, J., WATTS, M., SCHUTZMAN, J., OREN, J., WILSON, J., GOLD, F., FEARNOT, N. E., VAN ZANDT, H. J., & U.S. EXTRACTION DATABASE, M. I.
- Venue
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1348-1357
- ISSN
- 0147-8389 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8159
- OpenAlex
- W2070115789
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intravascular Extraction of Problematic or Infected Permanent Pacemaker Leads: 1994–1996. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00628.x
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- BYRD, C. L., WILKOFF, B. L., LOVE, C. J., SELLERS, T. D., TURK, K. T., REEVES, R., YOUNG, R., CREVEY, B., KUTALEK, S. P., FREEDMAN, R., FRIEDMAN, R., TRANTHAM, J., WATTS, M., SCHUTZMAN, J., OREN, J., WILSON, J., GOLD, F., FEARNOT, N. E., VAN ZANDT, H. J., & U.S. EXTRACTION DATABASE, M. I. (1999). Intravascular Extraction of Problematic or Infected Permanent Pacemaker Leads: 1994–1996. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00628.x
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
