The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self‐Categorization and Bystander Non‐intervention: Two Experimental Studies1
Abstract
This paper outlines a new approach to the study of bystander intervention. Using insights derived from self‐categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987), we explore the social category relations among those present in the context of physical violence. The paper describes two experiments that manipulate the social category relations between (a) bystander and fellow bystanders, and (b) bystander and victim. Analysis indicates that fellow bystanders are only influential when they are in‐group rather than out‐group members. Furthermore, bystanders are more likely to help victims who are described as in‐group as opposed to out‐group members. Overall, the findings suggest an important role for a self‐categorization perspective in developing strategies to promote bystander intervention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Social psychology of intergroup relations
Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,577
Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self‐Categorization Theory
REID, F. (1987) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00799.x · Cited by 8,091
Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
Asch, S. E. (1956) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093718 · Cited by 4,267
A Tale of Two Theories: A Critical Comparison of Identity Theory with Social Identity Theory
Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, K. M. (1995) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2787127 · Cited by 2,443
(1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,372
Self and Collective: Cognition and Social Context
Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. (1994) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167294205002 · Cited by 2,250
Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances.
Billig, M., Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2076221 · Cited by 1,564
Reinterpreting the empathy-altruism relationship: When one into one equals oneness.
Cialdini, R. B., Brown, S. L., Lewis, B. P., & Luce, C. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.3.481 · Cited by 1,463
The Psychology of Social Norms.
Hankins, F. H., & Sherif, M. (1937) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2084385 · Cited by 1,462
The Psychology of Social Norms
Lemmon, M. L., & Sherif, M. (1938) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416439 · Cited by 1,272
Cited by
Social Identity, Health and Well‐Being: An Emerging Agenda for Applied Psychology
Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x · Cited by 1,301
Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., Heene, M., Wicher, M., & Kainbacher, M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023304 · Cited by 983
Levine, M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., & Reicher, S. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271651 · Cited by 983
Self-citationTaking the strain: Social identity, social support, and the experience of stress
Haslam, S. A., O'Brien, A., Jetten, J., Vormedal, K., & Penna, S. (2005) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466605x37468 · Cited by 771
A Virtual Reprise of the Stanley Milgram Obedience Experiments
Slater, M., Antley, A., Davison, A., Swapp, D., Guger, C., Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2006) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000039 · Cited by 629
Metadata
- Authors
- Levine, M., Cassidy, C., Brazier, G., & Reicher, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1452-1463
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2090301694
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 15.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Self‐Categorization and Bystander Non‐intervention: Two Experimental Studies1. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01446.x
- The paper
- Levine, M., Cassidy, C., Brazier, G., & Reicher, S. (2002). Self‐Categorization and Bystander Non‐intervention: Two Experimental Studies1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01446.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
