The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and Evaluation of a Measure of Dangerous, Aggressive, Negative Emotional, and Risky Driving1
Abstract
The Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) was created to measure drivers’ self‐reported likelihood to drive dangerously. Each DDDI scale (DDDI Total, Aggressive Driving, Negative Emotional Driving, and Risky Driving scales) had strong internal reliability and there was also evidence for the construct validity of the scales. The DDDI was used to examine the relation between dangerous and aggressive driving and dispositional aggression and anger among 119 college students. Males reported significantly more aggressive, risky, and angry driving than did females. Males and females reported similar levels of dangerous driving and negative emotions while driving. Dangerous driving was positively related to traffic citations and causing accidents. The DDDI will be useful as a research instrument to examine dangerous driving.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.
Berkowitz, L. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59 · Cited by 2,283
Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219 · Cited by 2,113
Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.21 · Cited by 1,897
Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life.
Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.772 · Cited by 1,778
Cited by
A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety
Sagberg, F., Selpi, Bianchi Piccinini, G. F., & Engström, J. (2015) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720815591313 · Cited by 443
Dula, C. S., & Geller, E. S. (2003) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.004 · Cited by 257
Self-citationImpulsivity-like traits and risky driving behaviors among college students
Pearson, M. R., Murphy, E. M., & Doane, A. N. (2013) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.01.009 · Cited by 123
Rizzo, M. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.252 · Cited by 78
Navas-Casado, M. L., García-Sancho, E., & Salguero, J. M. (2023) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2023.101845 · Cited by 74
Metadata
- Authors
- Dula, C. S., & Ballard, M. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 263-282
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2116280868
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 18.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development and Evaluation of a Measure of Dangerous, Aggressive, Negative Emotional, and Risky Driving1. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01896.x
- The paper
- Dula, C. S., & Ballard, M. E. (2003). Development and Evaluation of a Measure of Dangerous, Aggressive, Negative Emotional, and Risky Driving1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01896.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
