The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Adaptation and Extension of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale 1
Abstract
Despite its utility, several conceptual and methodological concerns are raised regarding Fischer and Turner's (1970) Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS). These concerns were addressed in an adaptation and extension of the ATSPPHS using 208 adult volunteers. The new Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) consists of 24 items and 3 internally consistent factors: psychological openness, help‐seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma. We replicated this 3‐factor model with 293 university undergraduates, and established test‐retest reliability with 23 student volunteers. Validity was demonstrated by the ability of the IASMHS to distinguish between those who had and had not used mental health services in the past, and those who would and would not use these services in the future. It also discriminated between participants’ intentions to use professional and nonprofessional help. Finally, expected gender differences in help‐seeking attitudes were demonstrated.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This 24-item measure assesses three sub-scales: psychological openness, help-seeking propensity and indifference to stigma.”
From Testing the psychometric properties of the illness perceptions questionnaire for OCD (IPQ-O) (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Two centered on the reliability and validity of the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) [49, 84].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Six studies (14%) also specified physicians/general practitioners within their definition [49, 55, 57, 67, 71, 75].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“The IASMHS was designed to improve upon this measure by including items, which directly target the TPB predictor variables; however, the three subscales of the IASMHS only loosely reflect the TPB and contain other constructs such as mental health literacy, self-disclosure, avoidance coping, or self-concept clarity [49, 76].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“For example, the ATSPPHS has been widely used as a measure of help-seeking attitudes; however, this tool precedes the TPB and its development was not guided by any explicit theoretical framework [49, 76].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.272 · Cited by 9,587
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
Book Review: The Psychology of Attitudes
Chakravarti, D., Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151869 · Cited by 7,173
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.
Smith, M. D., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988418 · Cited by 6,875
Societal and Individual Determinants of Medical Care Utilization in the United States
Andersen, R., & Newman, J. F. (2005) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00428.x · Cited by 3,623
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Eagly A. H., 1993, The psychology of attitudes
- Farina A., 2000, Loss and trauma: General and close relationship perspectives, 183
- Fischer E. H., 1995, Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A shortened form and considerations for research, Journal of College Student Development, 36, 368
- Jöreskog K. G., 1999, LISREL (Version 8.30)
- Rokke P. D., 1995, Depression treatment preferences in younger and older adults, Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 1, 243
- Wandzilak T., 1987, Utilizing “undecided” option with Likert items: Associated measurement problems, International Journal of Sports Psychology, 18, 51
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–367 of 367
Seeking help for mental health issues in rural South Australia: a mixed methods approach.
Collins, J. E. (2010) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Treatment of depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease
Troeung, L. (2013) · eSpace (Curtin University)
The Development of the Mental Health Cultural Health Attributions Questionnaire
Raglin, W. J. (2012) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Colorectal cancer: psychosocial interventions and attitudes towards seeking psychological help
Boone, C. (2016) · University of Liverpool · doi:10.17638/03000243
Shaping Attitudes Towards Psychological Services
Bobby, L. M. (2012) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado)
Hall, K. G. (2014) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Examining Help-Seeking Intentions of Chinese Individuals: A Path Analysis
Yee, T. (2017) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc984257
Patel, S. H. (2010) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Influence of Mental Health and Self-Esteem on Help-Seeking Attitude of Medical College Students
高, 新. (2018) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2018.84072
Help-seeking behaviours of university students in a Northern Ontario community
Nash, S. J. (2018) · Lu Zone Ul (Laurentian University)
Valdez, J. N. (2019) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado)
de la Rosa, A. L., Ochoa, Á., & Sander, P. (2012) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology
Help-Seeking in Young Adults: Emotion Regulation and Attachment Style as Predictors
Oldershaw, M. M. (2019) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)
Matanovic, I. (2020) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Redefining What's Manly: Using Masculine Attributes to Describe Counseling Services for Men
Rodemaker, R. N. (2021) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa)
Cardoso, A., Galhardo, A. B., Massano‐Cardoso, I., & Cunha, M. I. V. A. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social · doi:10.31211/rpics.2021.7.1.209
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Choosing Treatment
Martinez, A. G. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Examining the Efficacy of Using a Change Blindness Framework as a Novel Social Media Intervention
Misko, S., Hays, O., & Getz, L. M. (2022) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.2.124
EDITORIAL: Introducing the Diversity Badge
Rouse, S. V. (2022) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.2.96 · Cited by 1
Cui, Z., Yuan, Y., Cheung, A., Yu, T., Hu, K., Wang, C., & Fan, X. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103628
Samsudin, A. Z., & Latif, S. N. A. (2023) · Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences · doi:10.55057/ajress.2023.5.2.20
-, K. K., & Teotia, A. (2023) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.7825
Toolbox: Technological Anxiety Resource for University Students
(2023) · Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences · doi:10.33140/jhss.06.11.03
Godhwani, T. R. (2024) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc2356224
Deng, J., & Yao, L. (2024) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2024.1212035
(2025) · Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience · doi:10.47485/2693-2490.1103
Harris, S. L., & Sawyer, A. (2025) · Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling · doi:10.1177/15423050251323298
Marthoenis, M., Rizki Fitryasari, P. K., Warsini, S., Martina, M., & Usman, S. (2025) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70155
Indovina, T. P. O., Ægisdóttir, S., & Lee, N. A. (2025) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2025.2500945
Edosomwan, H. S. (2025) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.37898/spiritualpc.1544456 · Cited by 1
Psychische Belastungen unter ukrainischen Schutzsuchenden: Eine Bestandaufnahme und Bedarfanalyse
Kananian, S., Nemani, A., Nicolai, A., Harder, F., Brakemeier, E., & Stangier, U. (2025) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2624-6906
Honda, M., Shinkawa, H., Nakamura‐Taira, N., & Sato, H. (2025) · Stress Science Research · doi:10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.2025001
Heim, P., Brose, A., Böttche, M., Peters, E. M. J., Ehrenthal, J. C., Knaevelsrud, C., & Kerber, A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-106741
Fossum, J. L., Lagunas, M.-A., Ichimura, E., Widman, C., Mateer, E. M., Tohmon, K., & Jin, J. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251394290
Associations between Components of Masculinity and Attitudes towards Psychological Help-seeking
Reimer, C. B. (2014) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Adams, C., Gringart, E., & Strobel, N. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20462200
Daehn, D., Rudolf, S., Pawils, S., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341709
Tse, J. S. Y., & Haslam, N. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24248026
Daehn, D., Rudolf, S., Pawils, S., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341706
Daehn, D., Rudolf, S., Pawils, S., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341694
Adams, C., Gringart, E., & Strobel, N. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20462203
Daehn, D., Rudolf, S., Pawils, S., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341697
Panaite, V., Finch, D. K., Pfeiffer, P. N., Cohen, N. J., Alman, A., Haun, J. N., Schultz, S. K., Miles, S. R., Belanger, H. G., Kozel, F. A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26712539
Daehn, D., Rudolf, S., Pawils, S., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341700
Turan, N., Aydaş, S. B., & Canbulat, Ş. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06909-2
Hammer, J. H., Dueber, D., Toland, M. D., & Weng, W. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09132-3
Bauer, A. G., Balaraman, A., Gilmore, A., & Bellot, J. (2026) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-026-02910-6
Karim, R. M., Alam, M. F., Khan, N. M., & Akter, S. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2025-002670
Soriano, V. (2026) · European Modern Studies Journal · doi:10.59573/emsj.10(1).2026.18
Zanotti, D. C., Carter, C. M., Strunk, K. C., & Cromer, L. D. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64113-059-220251013
Hellmann, J. H., Schlechter, P., Erdal, D., Akyol, F., Önal, E. S., Nexhmedin Morina, B., Zick, A., & Hecker, T. (2026) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70293
Perceived stereotypes and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among Chechen women
Tokaeva, A. S. (2026) · Minbar Islamic Studies · doi:10.31162/2618-9569-2026-19-2-468-486
Latent Profiles and Correlates of Mental Health Stigma in India
Krishnan, A., & Deb, A. (2026) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640261468250
Arnold, S., Vogt, M., Šipka, D., Böttcher, J., Fenski, F., Elson, M., & Berger, T. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100988
HOHN, A. A., & Maricutoiu, L. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1812675
Balasim, M. S., & Hashim, A. A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10474550/v1
Halaj, A. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101169
Zhao, Q., Yu, L., Pei, Z., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2026.105018
More than a prayer: Pastors' perception and practice of mental health services
Young, J. (2010) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/kh45-4868
Metadata
- Authors
- Mackenzie, C. S., Knox, V. J., Gekoski, W. L., & Macaulay, H. L.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mackenzie, Corey S.
- ORCID
- Mackenzie, Corey S.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2410-2433
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2090062731
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking attitudes, mental health services, open-mindedness, stigma, mental health service utilization, gender differences, scale adaptation, psychometric validation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
