The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Metformin versus Vitamin E or Prescriptive Diet in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Metformin proved useful in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its superiority over nutritional treatment and antioxidants has never been demonstrated. We aimed to compare the usefulness of metformin versus prescriptive diet or vitamin E. METHODS: In an open label, randomized trial, nondiabetic NAFLD patients were given metformin (2 g/day; n = 55) for 12 months. The control cases were given either vitamin E (800 IU/day; n = 28) or were treated by a prescriptive, weight-reducing diet (n = 27). Outcome measures were liver enzymes, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment), parameters of the metabolic syndrome, and histology. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels improved in all groups, in association with weight loss. The effects in the metformin arm were larger (p < 0.0001), and alanine aminotransferase normalized in 56% of cases (odds ratio (OR) versus. controls, 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-6.20; p= 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, metformin treatment was associated with higher rates of aminotransferase normalization, after correction for age, gender, basal aminotransferases, and change in body mass index (OR, 5.98; 95% CI, 2.05-17.45). Differences were maintained when the two control groups were separately analyzed. The distribution of positive criteria for the metabolic syndrome was reduced only in the metformin arm (p= 0.001, signed rank test). A control biopsy in 17 metformin-treated cases (14 nonresponders) showed a significant decrease in liver fat (p= 0.0004), necroinflammation, and fibrosis (p= 0.012 for both). No side effects were observed during metformin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin treatment is better than a prescriptive diet or vitamin E in the therapy of NAFLD patients receiving nutritional counseling. Limited histological data support an association between improved aminotransferases and biopsy findings, which require confirmation in a double-blind trial with appropriate statistical power based on liver histology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome
Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsén, B., Lahti, K., Nissén, M., Taskinen, M.-R., & Groop, L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683 · Cited by 4,760
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Marchesini, G., Brizi, M., Bianchi, G., Tomassetti, S., Bugianesi, E., Lenzi, M., McCullough, A. J., Natale, S., Forlani, G., & Melchionda, N. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1844 · Cited by 2,581
Self-citationNonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Improvement in liver histological analysis with weight loss
Dixon, J. B., Bhathal, P. S., Hughes, N. R., & O'Brien, P. E. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20251 · Cited by 727 · cited 1×
“However, the use of use of enzyme levels as surrogate markers is supported by the association of higher aminotransferases with more severe histological findings in cross-sectional studies (4), and by the finding that reduced aminotransferases are associated with improved histology in intervention studies (7, 12, 13, 2…”
MethodA pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Promrat, K., Lutchman, G., Uwaifo, G. I., Freedman, R. J., Soza, A., Heller, T., Doo, E., Ghany, M., Premkumar, A., Park, Y., et al. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20012 · Cited by 726 · cited 2×
“However, the use of use of enzyme levels as surrogate markers is supported by the association of higher aminotransferases with more severe histological findings in cross-sectional studies (4), and by the finding that reduced aminotransferases are associated with improved histology in intervention studies (7, 12, 13, 2…”
BackgroundMethodMetformin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Marchesini, G., Bianchi, G., Tomassetti, S., Zoli, M., & Melchionda, N. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06042-1 · Cited by 682
Self-citationMetformin reverses fatty liver disease in obese, leptin-deficient mice.
Lin, H. Z., Yang, S. Q., Chuckaree, C., Kuhajda, F., Ronnet, G., & Diehl, A. M. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/79697 · Cited by 673
Tiikkainen, M., Häkkinen, A.-M., Korsheninnikova, E., Nyman, T., Mäkimattila, S., & Yki-Järvinen, H. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2169 · Cited by 524
Improved Endothelial Function With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Mather, K. J., Verma, S., & Anderson, T. J. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01129-9 · Cited by 513
A pilot study of a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Caldwell, S. H., Hespenheide, E. E., Redick, J. A., Iezzoni, J. C., Battle, E. H., & Sheppard, B. L. (2001) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03553.x · Cited by 394
Metformin in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot open label trial
Nair, S., Diehl, A. M., Wiseman, M., Farr, G. H., & Perrillo, R. P. (2004) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02025.x · Cited by 369
Research works printed but not linked: 25
- 10.1053/jhep.2003.50193 · DOI · Paper page
- Sanyal AJ, 2001, Gastroenterology, 120, 1183, 10.1053/gast.2001.23256 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1053/jhep.2003.50161 · DOI · Paper page
- Andersen T, 1991, J Hepatol, 12, 224, 10.1016/0168-8278(91)90942-5 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0168-8278(97)80287-5 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1136/gut.2003.027581 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01888.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1053/jhep.2003.50420 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00027-8 · DOI
- 10.1067/mpd.2000.106566 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.08699.x · DOI · Paper page
- Vajro P, 2004, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 38, 48, 10.1097/00005176-200401000-00012 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.amjgastroenterol.2003.08.001 · DOI
- 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S · DOI
- World Health Organization, 2000, WHO technical report series, 1
- Kris-Etherton P, 2001, Circulation, 103, 1823, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1823 · DOI · Paper page
- Knobler H, 1999, Q J Med, 92, 73, 10.1093/qjmed/92.2.73 · DOI
- 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01377.x · DOI · Paper page
- Magalotti D, 2004, Dig Liver Dis, 36, 406
- 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01083.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1053/jhep.2003.50229 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1066 · DOI · Paper page
- Maison P, 2001, Diabetes Care, 24, 1758, 10.2337/diacare.24.10.1758 · DOI
- 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801837 · DOI
Cited by
Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., Harrison, S. A., Brunt, E. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29367 · Cited by 7,239
EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004 · Cited by 4,836
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Belfort, R., Harrison, S. A., Brown, K., Darland, C., Finch, J., Hardies, J., Balas, B., Gastaldelli, A., Tio, F., Pulcini, J., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa060326 · Cited by 1,827
Cusi, K., Isaacs, S., Barb, D., Basu, R., Caprio, S., Garvey, W. T., Kashyap, S., Mechanick, J. I., Mouzaki, M., Nadolsky, K., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.03.010 · Cited by 1,021
Tilg, H., Moschen, A. R., & Roden, M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.147 · Cited by 1,002
Metadata
- Authors
- Bugianesi, E., Gentilcore, E., Manini, R., Natale, S., Vanni, E., Villanova, N., David, E., Rizzetto, M., & Marchesini, G.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1082-1090
- ISSN
- 0002-9270 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-0241
- OpenAlex
- W2039800528
- Cited by
- 691
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 37.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
