The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evolution of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Our knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is limited. The most conspicuous changes seen in the brain are deposits of insoluble proteins in both extracellular and intraneuronal locations. The extracellular deposits consist primarily of a specific A4 amyloid protein. The significance of these deposits remains to be determined, as they are often found in the cerebral cortex of non-demented elderly persons. More telling is the gradual accumulation of insoluble fibrous material within some neurons that consists mainly of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. Six stages of increasingly severe cortical destruction can be distinguished. Stages I and II are characterized by neurofibrillary changes that are largely confined to the transentorhinal region, whereas stages III and IV are marked by severe involvement of both the entorhinal and transentorhinal regions. Isocortical destruction occurs during stages V and VI. This progression in cortical pathology correlates with the gradual worsening of clinical symptoms.
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In the citing paper
“We focused our analysis on the HIC and associated cortices because these structures are known to be affected early in AD26.”
From Resilience to autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease in a Reelin-COLBOS heterozygous man (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“The hippocampus is not, however, a unitary anatomical formation. Several subfields have been identified, which can be differentiated on both histological grounds [2], [8] and according to their functional role in memory encoding and retrieval [9], [10].”
From Atrophy of presubiculum and subiculum is the earliest hippocampal anatomical marker of Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Neuropathological changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically affect the hippocampal formation very early [1], [2].”
From Atrophy of presubiculum and subiculum is the earliest hippocampal anatomical marker of Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123
Self-citationDistributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.2.195 · Cited by 5,376
Mirra, S. S., Heyman, A., McKeel, D., Sumi, S. M., Crain, B. J., Brownlee, L. M., Vogel, F. S., Hughes, J. P., Belle, G. V., Berg, L., et al. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.4.479 · Cited by 4,961
Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y. C., Quinlan, M., Wisniewski, H. M., & Binder, L. I. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.13.4913 · Cited by 3,676
Preface: Cerebral Cortex Has Come of Age
Goldman, P. S., & RAKIC, P. T. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1-a · Cited by 3,537
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Khachaturian, Z. S. (1985) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029 · Cited by 2,499
Staging of alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00021-6 · Cited by 2,357
Self-citationAlzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation.
Hyman, B. T., Van Hoesen, G. W., Damasio, A. R., & Barnes, C. L. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6474172 · Cited by 2,268
Functional Assessment Staging (FAST)
Gauthier, S. G. (2001) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203213896-33 · Cited by 1,023
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kemper, 1978, Senile dementia: a biomedical approach, 105
- Braak, 1993, Alzheimer's disease: advances in clinical and basic research. Third International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 131
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease
Hou, Y., Dan, X., Babbar, M., Wei, Y., Hasselbalch, S. G., Croteau, D. L., & Bohr, V. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0244-7 · Cited by 3,310
Harada, C. N., Love, M. C. N., & Triebel, K. L. (2013) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.002 · Cited by 2,649
Use of Florbetapir-PET for Imaging β-Amyloid Pathology
Clark, C. M. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.2008 · Cited by 1,117
Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: a meta-analysis
Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., & Phillips, L. H. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001 · Cited by 847
Quantitative gait dysfunction and risk of cognitive decline and dementia
Verghese, J., Wang, C., Lipton, R. B., Holtzer, R., & Xue, X. (2007) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.106914 · Cited by 797
Metadata
- Authors
- Braak, H., & Braak, E.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Braak, H.
- ORCID
- Braak, H.
- Venue
- Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- S165
- Pages
- 3-12
- ISSN
- 0001-6314 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971744915
- Cited by
- 710
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Neurologica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neuropathology, amyloid plaques, tau protein, neurofibrillary tangles, entorhinal cortex, cortical atrophy, disease stage, etiopathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Hippocampus, Humans, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Entorhinal Cortex
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