The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts ? ephedrone, manganism or both?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Parkinsonian syndrome related to intravenous use of a "designer" psychostimulant, derived from pseudoephedrine using potassium permanganate as the oxidant, has been observed in drug addicts in Estonia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the symptomatology of four young patients, history of drug administration and chemical analysis of a drug batch. METHODS: Mental and motor function and quality of life were scored and ephedrone was analyzed using electrospray mass spectrometry. Manganese content of the final synthetic mixture was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. RESULTS: None of the four cases scored below the dementia threshold in MMSE, while other ratings (UPDRS, H&Y, PDQ-39) corresponded to disabilities seen in relatively advanced Parkinson's disease. The ephedrone yield of the reaction was approximately 44% and the mixture was found to contain 0.6 g/l of manganese. CONCLUSIONS: The cases were exposed to extreme manganese load. Their symptomatology is probably identical to manganism. The role of ephedrone is presently unknown. Physicians must be aware of early signs of manganism in patients within social risk groups.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Peto, V., Jenkinson, C., Fitzpatrick, R., & Greenhall, R. (1995) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf02260863 · Cited by 1,204
McCann, U. D., Wong, D. F., Yokoi, F., Villemagne, V., Dannals, R. F., & Ricaurte, G. A. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-20-08417.1998 · Cited by 602 · cited 2×
“Studies in humans have also documented a significant decrease in DA transporter (DAT) density (as a marker of the DA terminal), in the brains of abstinent ephedrone and METH abusers by means of positron emission tomography (PET) (16).”
Background
Cited by
A double‐blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease
Olanow, C. W., Goetz, C. G., Kordower, J. H., Stoessl, A. J., Sossi, V., Brin, M. F., Shannon, K. M., Nauert, G. M., Perl, D. P., Godbold, J., et al. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10720 · Cited by 1,307
Rhythmic auditory stimulation modulates gait variability in Parkinson’s disease
Hausdorff, J. M., Lowenthal, J., Herman, T., Gruendlinger, L., Peretz, C., & Giladi, N. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05810.x · Cited by 489
Validation of the freezing of gait questionnaire in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Giladi, N., Tal, J., Azulay, T., Rascol, O., Brooks, D. J., Melamed, E., Oertel, W., Poewe, W. H., Stocchi, F., & Tolosa, E. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21745 · Cited by 431
Selective hypometabolism in the inferior frontal lobe in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease
Mayberg, H. S., Starkstein, S. E., Sadzot, B., Preziosi, T., Andrezejewski, P. L., Dannals, R. F., Wagner, H. N., & Robinson, R. G. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280111 · Cited by 412
Unraveling gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism
Barichella, M., Severgnini, M., Cilia, R., Cassani, E., Bolliri, C., Caronni, S., Ferri, V., Cancello, R., Ceccarani, C., Faierman, S., et al. (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27581 · Cited by 393
Metadata
- Authors
- Sikk, K., Taba, P., Haldre, S., Bergquist, J., Nyholm, D., Zjablov, G., Asser, T., & Aquilonius, S.-M.
- Venue
- Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 385-389
- ISSN
- 0001-6314 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0404
- OpenAlex
- W1990627055
- Cited by
- 665
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 30.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts ? ephedrone, manganism or both? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00818.x
- The paper
- Sikk, K., Taba, P., Haldre, S., Bergquist, J., Nyholm, D., Zjablov, G., Asser, T., & Aquilonius, S.-M. (2007). Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts ? ephedrone, manganism or both? Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00818.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
