Suicide and the attempted suicide: an interntional perspective
Abstract
This article reviews the scope of suicide and attempted suicide as public health problems from an international perspective. Socio-demographic trends are analyzed and explanatory theories for international differences proposed. Suicide and attempted suicide can be prevented, but the development and evaluation of effective large-scale prevention programs is still in its infancy. Inadequacies in current programs across the world has promoted the establishment of national Task Forces on Suicide Prevention in the United States, Canada and The Netherlands, as well as a WHO strategy on suicide prevention. These groups have formulated comprehensive strategies for the prevention of suicide. The main components of these strategies are: Design and implementation of national research programs; The improvement of services; The provision of information and training on suicide prevention to relevant professional groups, organizations and the general public; and Formulation of strategies and techniques to deal with special risk groups. The added recommendations are seen as important steps in translating a comprehensive national plan to prevent suicide into clinical and research programs that can be effectively implemented to prevent these tragedies around the world.
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People bereaved by suicide tend to avoid seeking help.
“The next challenges are the paucity of trial evidence for effective interventions7 and the tendency of people bereaved by suicide to avoid seeking help8 9 despite expressing clear unmet needs.10”
From Support received after bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A cross-sectional UK study of 3432 young bereaved adults (2017) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Over the past century, the study of suicides across populations and countries over the world has clearly established that suicide occurs in almost all societies and cultures, in a variety of circumstances and across different phases of the life cycle (Diekstra, 1989).”
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“…with caution because: data are not available from all countries (Moscicki, 1995; Wasserman et al., 2005); the validity of this data is unclear (Diekstra, 1989; Wasserman et al., 2005); the legal criteria for the proof of suicide vary between countries and in different regions within a country…”
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“The ratio of suicide attempts to completed suicides is estimated at 10:1 to 15:1; however, there is a lack of adequate data to obtain an accurate value (Diekstra, 1989; Lonnqvist, 2009).”
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“In most countries the suicide rate is highest in the elderly population, with the highest rates of all age groups among elderly men [6].”
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“Parasuicide, de ned as any act of deliberate self-harm1 irrespective of intention, represents a serious public health problem in Europe (Diekstra, 1989).”
BackgroundThe epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide among young Australians
Cantor, C. H., & Neulinger, K. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00756.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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A Cross‐National Study of the Relationship Between Elderly Suicide Rates and Urbaninzation
Shah, A. K. (2008) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.6.714 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shah, A. K., & Chatterjee, S. (2008) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860802427986 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…with caution because: data are not available from all countries (Moscicki, 1995; Wasserman et al., 2005); the validity of this data was unclear (Diekstra, 1989; Wasserman, Cheng, & Jiang, 2005); the legal criteria for the proof of suicide vary between countries and in different regions within…”
BackgroundEpidemiological, social and psychiatric aspects in self-poisoned patients
Rygnestad, T., & Hauge, L. J. (1991) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00791527 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Risk of mortality among depressed younger patients: A five-year follow-up study
Chang, H., Lin, H., Lee, H., Lin, C., & Pfeiffer, S. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.025 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Diekstra, R. F. W.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Diekstra, R. F. W.
- ORCID
- Diekstra, R. F. W.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-10
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- S354
- Pages
- 1-24
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2019990521
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- suicide, suicide attempts, suicide prevention, cross-national differences, sociodemographic trends, national suicide prevention strategy, national task force, prevention program evaluation, risk groups
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Incidence
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