The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The criterion validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to provide a systematic review of the screening accuracy of both versions of the Geriatric Depressions Scale (GDS‐30, GDS‐15). Method: An electronic search was performed by using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Psyndex and the Cochrane library. The selection and examination of papers were performed by two reviewers independently. Results: Among the 42 papers included, important methodological aspects such as sampling methods or blinding of research workers often were not reported. For both GDS versions, similar validity indices were found (GDS‐30: sensitivity 0.753, specificity 0.770; GDS‐15: sensitivity 0.805, specificity 0.750). Using comparative studies based on the identical samples, both GDS versions showed significantly better validity indices than the ‘Yale‐1‐question’ screen, but were similar to the ‘Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale’ (CES‐D). Conclusion: The GDS does not show a better criterion validity than the CES‐D, but methodological limitations of primary studies hamper the generalizability of pooled analyses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · cited 2×
“but all of them had been used only in one or two studies: Brief Assessment Scale Depression Cards (20), Brief Carrol Depression Rating Scale (32, 36), Beck Depression Inventory (50), Caribbean Culture Specific Screen (20, 24), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (43, 47), Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depress…”
BackgroundSheikh (1986) · doi:10.1300/j018v05n01_09 · Cited by 7,236
(1988) · NFER-Nelson eBooks · Cited by 5,560
Interval Estimation for a Binomial Proportion
Brown, L. D., Cai, T. T., & DasGupta, A. (2001) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1009213286 · Cited by 3,538
Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests.
Lijmer, J. G. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1061 · Cited by 1,861
Screening Tests for Geriatric Depression
Brink, T. L., Yesavage, J. A., Lum, O., Heersema, P. H., Adey, M., & Rose, T. L. (1982) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v01n01_06 · Cited by 1,494
Almeida, O. P., & Almeida, S. A. (1999) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199910)14:10<858::aid-gps35>3.0.co;2-8 · Cited by 1,299
Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review
Djernes, J. K. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00770.x · Cited by 1,131
Development and Testing of a Five‐Item Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale
Hoyl, M. T., Alessi, C. A., Harker, J. O., Josephson, K. R., Pietruszka, F. M., Koelfgen, M., Mervis, J. R., Fitten, L. J., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb03848.x · Cited by 832
Cited by
Nyunt, M. S. Z., Fones, C., Niti, M., & Ng, T.-P. (2009) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860902861027 · Cited by 414
Marc, L. G., Raue, P. J., & Bruce, M. L. (2008) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318186bd67 · Cited by 320
Mitchell, A. J., Bird, V., Rizzo, M., & Meader, N. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.08.019 · Cited by 288
Sugishita, K., Sugishita, M., Hemmi, I., Asada, T., & Tanigawa, T. (2017) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2016.1199452 · Cited by 258
Pocklington, C., Gilbody, S., Manea, L., & McMillan, D. (2016) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4407 · Cited by 254
Metadata
- Authors
- Wancata, J., Alexandrowicz, R., Marquart, B., Weiss, M., & Friedrich, F.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-08-22
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 398-410
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2062819474
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 68
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The criterion validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00888.x
- The paper
- Wancata, J., Alexandrowicz, R., Marquart, B., Weiss, M., & Friedrich, F. (2006). The criterion validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00888.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
