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Cited by 185Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchDental Health and Care UtilizationOral Health Pathology and Treatment

A comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration: Timerstudy

Van der Weijden, G. A., Timmerman, M. F., Nijboer, A., Lie, M. A., Van der Velden, U.·1993·Journal of Clinical Periodontology
DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00394.x
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Abstract

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to test the plaque‐removing efficacy of 4 different toothbrushes in relation to duration of toothbrushing. The brushes studied were a manual toothbrush (M), a conventional electric toothbrush – the Blend‐a‐Dent® (BPC), the Interplak® (IP) and the Braun Plak Control® (BPC). For this study, 20 subjects were selected. The study was divided into 5 experiments which differed only in respect to the brushing time. The available time in experiment 1 through 5 was 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 90 s per quadrant respectively. Prior to each experiment, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for at least 24 h. The efficacy of toothbrushing in each experiment was studied while one investigator (MAL) brushed the teeth of the subjects. In each subject, all 4 brushes were tested. Each brush was assigned to a quadrant in a random order. No toothpaste was used throughout this study. The amount of dental plaque was evaluated before and after brushing by means of the Silness & Löe plaque index at 6 sites around each tooth investigated. The results show an increase in efficacy for all brushes varying from 7.5 s per quadrant to 90 s per quadrant (mean plaque reduction in terms of percentage 7.5 s‐90 s: M =40%‐75%, BL = 45%‐82%, BPC = 51%‐94%. IP=64%‐92%). The IP removed significantly more plaque than the other 3 after 7.5 s of brushing. From 15 s through 90 s, the IP and BPC were equally effective. Both were, at all times, significantly more effective than the M and BL. This difference was mainly caused by a greater plaque removal from the interproximal areas, since brushing for 30 s or more with all 4 brushes removed about 90% of the plaque from the vestibular and lingual surfaces. Evaluation of the efficacy in relation to brushing time showed for all brushes that the greater part of the effect is reached after 30 s of brushing per quadrant. The brushing time appears to be an important variable in the evaluation of plaque removing effectiveness since the efficacy increases with time and differs per toothbrush.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00394.x

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  • Increasing brushing time to 3 minutes or longer does not appear to improve effectiveness of plaque reduction.

    “Increasing the brushing time to 3 minutes or longer does not appear to improve the effectiveness of plaque reduction and will most likely demotivate most users.54”

    From Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [54]

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Authors
Van der Weijden, G. A., Timmerman, M. F., Nijboer, A., Lie, M. A., & Van der Velden, U.
Affiliations
Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID
Timmerman, M. F.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-08
Volume
20
Issue
7
Pages
476-481
ISSN
  • 0303-6979 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-051X
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00394.x
OpenAlex
W1998090455
Cited by
185
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
FWCI
5.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4517 d)
Locations
  • Journal Of Clinical Periodontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
Keywords
electric toothbrush, manual toothbrush, dental plaque removal, toothbrushing duration, plaque control, interproximal plaque, oral hygiene, toothbrush comparison
MeSH terms
Dental Plaque, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Prophylaxis, Electricity, Equipment Design, Humans, Time Factors, Tooth, Toothbrushing

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