CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 493Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchDental Health and Care UtilizationPeriodontal Regeneration and Treatments

A systematic review of definitions of periodontitis and methods that have been used to identify this disease

Savage, Amir, Eaton, Kenneth A., Moles, David R., Needleman, Ian·2009·Journal Of Clinical Periodontology
DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01408.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and critical analysis of the definitions of periodontitis and the methods which have been used to identify and measure this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant publications were identified after searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH and LILACS electronic databases. Screening of titles and abstracts and data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers. To be included in the review, studies were required to define periodontitis and to indicate how it was measured. Studies that related purely to gingivitis, and/or intervention studies, and/or studies where prevalence or severity of periodontitis was not a principal outcome were excluded. RESULTS: From a total of 34,72 titles and abstracts, 104 potentially relevant full text papers were identified. Of these, 15 met the criteria for inclusion in the final stage of the review. The survey revealed heterogeneity between the studies in the measurement tools used, particularly the types of probes and the sites and areas of the mouth that were assessed. There was also heterogeneity in the use of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and pocket probing depth (PPD) as criteria for periodontitis. In the 15 studies, the threshold for a diagnosis of periodontitis when CAL was the criterion ranged from 2 to > or =6 mm and when PPD was used, from 3 to > or =6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This review has confirmed previous work which has suggested that epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases are complicated by the diversity of methodologies and definitions used. The studies that were reviewed utilized a minimum diagnostic threshold defining periodontitis, at a given site in terms of CAL of 2 mm and PPD of 3 mm.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01408.x

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • This systematic review has a high level of heterogeneity in the case definitions for both periodontitis and hypertension.

    “Another important limitation of this systematic review is the high level of heterogeneity in the case definitions for both, periodontitis and hypertension.34,83”

    From Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [83]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Savage, A., Eaton, K. A., Moles, D. R., & Needleman, I.
Affiliations
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Eaton, Kenneth A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal Of Clinical Periodontology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-05-18
Volume
36
Issue
6
Pages
458-467
ISSN
  • 0303-6979 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-051X
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01408.x
OpenAlex
W2158345683
Cited by
493
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 36
FWCI
4.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal Of Clinical Periodontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Keywords
periodontitis, periodontitis diagnosis, clinical attachment loss, probing depth, diagnostic thresholds, periodontal probe
MeSH terms
Humans, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket, Periodontitis, Research Design, Periodontal Attachment Loss

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review