THE IMMUNOLOGIC THEORY OF AGING
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The age-related involvement of the immune system leads to a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations.
“The age-related involvement of immune system leads to a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Role of Free Radicals in Aging and Disease
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Targeting immune dysfunction in aging
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION DURING AGING AND SENESCENCE
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Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration
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“This senescent cell accumulation is thought to occur as a result of immunosenescence — the gradual decline in immune function as an organism ages 206 — whereby decreased immune function results in reduced capacity to clear senescent cells efficiently 140 .”
THE EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF AGEING BY DIET
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Lymphocytes, Hormones and Ageing
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Influence of the main histocompatibility complex on ageing in mice
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“On the other hand, advanced age is associated with a phenomenon called immunosenescence (ISC) which refers to a weakening in integrity and efficiency of the adaptive and innate immune systems (Walford, 1969; Denkinger et al., 2015; Di Benedetto et al., 2017).”
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Self-citationNatural Autoantibodies Constitute a Substantial Part of Normal Circulating Immunoglobulins
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“This led to two different hypotheses: (i) auto-antibodies contribute to the diseases associated with ageing, as occurs in autoimmune disease (116); or (ii) auto-antibodies play a role in eliminating senescent cells to maintain the integrity of the host (37).”
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Self-citationThe measurement of biological age
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Sex/gender-related differences in inflammaging
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“When people age, the capacity of their immune system for immunosurveillance gradually declines, a phenomenon called immunosenescence (Walford, 1969).”
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“A second neuroendocrine explanation, the immunological theory of ageing (Walford, 1969), is based on the observation that the functional capacity and fidelity of the immune system declines with age, as indicated by the strong age-associated increase in autoimmune disease.”
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“Walford (9) proposed an Immunological Theory of Aging that saw autoantibodies contributing importantly to the diseases of aging, as they did to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.”
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Fever and sickness behaviour vary among congeneric rodents
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“Perhaps more modest APRs in some species exist to promote survival through decreased oxidative damage (Walford 1969; Sohnle & Gambert 1982; Finch & Crimmins 2004), as these species are protected against infection by other types of potentially less self-damaging immune defences (Martin et al.”
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“A similar line of reasoning led Walford (130) to link age changes in the immune system to organismic aging in general.”
An immunologist’s guide to immunosenescence and its treatment
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“described in his famous book ‘The immunologic theory of aging’ [6], Walford assumed that immune-mediated tissue damage is caused by organismal aging, even though he did not discuss the alterations in immunity itself.”
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“The decline with age in normal immune functions is generally associated with an increase in the frequency of autoimmune and immune complex diseases, cancer, and viral and fungal infections (1-3).”
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Self-citationAging-associated dysregulation of homeostatic immune response termination (and not initiation)
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“Certainly, the aging-associated elevation of levels of circulating autoantibodies [rheumatoid factors, including antinuclear antibodies (Walford, 1969)], especially contemporaneous with a waning of antigen-specific responsiveness represents a confounding complexity.”
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“The term immunosenescence was coined by RoyWalford (84) when he published his hallmark book entitled “The Immunologic Theory of Aging” (85).”
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“The age-associated thymic involution, a consistent phenomenon in all vertebrate species, has been proposed to be a primary event leading to immunological aging (Walford, 1969).”
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- Authors
- Walford, R. L.
- Corresponding author
- Walford, Roy L.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1969-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 171-171
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2108894325
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- aging, immune system, immunosenescence, senescence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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