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Therapeutic cancer vaccines: are we there yet?
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Enthusiasm for therapeutic cancer vaccines has been rejuvenated with the recent completion of several large, randomized phase III clinical trials that in some cases have reported an improvement in progression free or overall survival. However, an honest appraisal of their efficacy reveals modest clinical benefit and a frequent requirement for patients with relatively indolent cancers and minimal or no measurable disease. Experience with adoptive cell transfer‐based immunotherapies unequivocally establishes that T cells can mediate durable complete responses, even in the setting of advanced metastatic disease. Further, these findings reveal that the successful vaccines of the future must confront: (i) a corrupted tumor microenvironment containing regulatory T cells and aberrantly matured myeloid cells, (ii) a tumor‐specific T‐cell repertoire that is prone to immunologic exhaustion and senescence, and (iii) highly mutable tumor targets capable of antigen loss and immune evasion. Future progress may come from innovations in the development of selective preparative regimens that eliminate or neutralize suppressive cellular populations, more effective immunologic adjuvants, and further refinement of agents capable of antagonizing immune check‐point blockade pathways.
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“Additionally, whole tumor vaccines tend to exhibit poor immunogenicity. Consequently, the immune response elicited by these vaccines is often inadequate to confer significant benefits to patients, as demonstrated by the average outcomes observed in previous studies [150].”
From Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy (2024) · cites this paper as [150]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Klebanoff, C. A., Acquavella, N., Yu, Z., & Restifo, N. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Restifo, Nicholas P.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-12-28
- Volume
- 239
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-44
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- PMC
- PMC3075547
- OpenAlex
- W2132361489
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
- National Cancer Institute (ZIABC010763, ZIABC011037)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- therapeutic cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, tumor microenvironment, regulatory T cells, myeloid cells, T cell exhaustion, tumor antigen loss, immune evasion, immunoadjuvant, immune checkpoint blockade, metastatic cancer, clinical trial efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte, Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Treatment Outcome, Adoptive Transfer, Cancer Vaccines, Toll-Like Receptors
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