Cited by 597Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Therapeutic cancer vaccines: Advancements, challenges, and prospects

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Fan, Ting, Zhang, Mingna, Yang, Jingxian, Zhu, Zhounan, Cao, Wanlu, Dong, Chunyan·2023·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Abstract

With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells. However, the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review. The range of antigen selection, antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design. Furthermore, this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies, focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment. However, current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges, including tumor immune microenvironment suppression, optimal candidate identification, immune response evaluation, and vaccine manufacturing acceleration. Therefore, the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.

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  • Up until now, four main platforms of anti-tumor vaccines have been studied: those utilizing dendritic cells, peptide antigens, viral or bacterial vectors, and those utilizing whole tumor antigens.

    “Up until now, Up until now, four main platforms of anti-tumor vaccines have been studied: those utilizing dendritic cells (DCs), peptide antigens, viral or bacterial vectors and those utilizing ehole tumor antigens [145].”

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  1. [224]Ott, P. et al. A Phase Ib Trial of Personalized Neoantigen Therapy Plus Anti-PD-1 in Patients with Advanced Melanoma, Non-small Cell Lung. Cancer, or Bladder. Cancer 183, 347–362 (2020). 33064988

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Authors
Fan, T., Zhang, M., Yang, J., Zhu, Z., Cao, W., & Dong, C.
Affiliations
  • Tongji University (CN)
  • Shanghai East Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Cao, Wanlu
  • Dong, Chunyan
Venue
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Published
2023-12-13
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
450-450
ISSN
2059-3635 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4389639889
Cited by
597
References
235
Citations by year
2026: 187 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 2
FWCI
16.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573008, 81860547, 82203861)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
therapeutic cancer vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, tumor-associated antigens, tumor-specific antigens, antigen delivery systems, antigen presentation, tumor immune microenvironment, vaccine production, clinical trials, antitumor efficacy, T cell response
MeSH terms
Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Immunity, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Cancer Vaccines, Tumor Microenvironment

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