Encephalomyocarditis virus mortality in semi-wild bonobos (Pan panicus): Encephalomyocarditis in semi-wild bonobos
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fatal myocarditis from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection has previously been identified in sporadic and epidemic forms in many species of captive non-human primates probably including one bonobo (Pan paniscus). METHODS: We investigated the deaths of two bonobos that were suspicious of EMCV using a combination of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and, for one of the two bonobos, reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of heart tissue from the two bonobos showed changes characteristic of EMCV. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of EMCV antigen in heart tissue of both and in kidney and intestine of one of the bonobos. EMCV RNA was also isolated from the serum of the bonobo tested. CONCLUSION: Together, these findings confirm that EMCV was responsible for deaths of the two bonobos. Strict separation of bonobos in particular and captive primates in general from potential sources of EMCV contamination should be maintained to prevent mortality caused by EMCV.
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EMCV outbreaks in zoos, involving a myriad of mammal species, have been reported from Australia, Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America, making the virus a worldwide problem in zoological settings.
“EMCV outbreaks in zoos – involving a myriad of mammal species such as primates, ungulates, carnivores, rodents, and marsupials – have been reported from Australia, Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America, making the virus a worldwide problem in zoological settings [16,22–29].”
From Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States: Virus evolution, host ecology, and capsid antigenicity derived from an outbreak (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Jones, P., Cordonnier, N., Mahamba, C., Burt, F. J., Rakotovao, F., Swanepoel, R., André, C., Dauger, S., & Bakkali Kassimi, L.
- Affiliations
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (FR)
- Lola ya Bonobo (CD)
- National Health Laboratory Service (ZA)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (ZA)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Primatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-16
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 157-163
- ISSN
- 0047-2565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131514172
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Primatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- encephalomyocarditis virus, bonobos, myocarditis, captive primates, viral infection, mortality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Encephalomyocarditis virus, Intestine, Small, Kidney, Molecular Sequence Data, Myocardium, Phylogeny, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Fatal Outcome, Cardiovirus Infections, Ape Diseases, Pan paniscus
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