How well are sunscreen users protected?
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that people often apply less sunscreen than the recommended amount of 2 mg/cm2. Our purpose in this study was to determine objectively how photoprotection varies with application thickness. The protection provided by differing quantities of sunscreens containing varying amounts of titanium dioxide was measured in vitro using excised human epidermis as the substrate. It was found that application thickness had a significant effect on the sun protection factor (SPF), with most users probably achieving a mean SPF of between 20-50% of that expected from the product label. Underprotection due to inadequate application, coupled with overexposure to the sun, might partially explain why sunscreen use has been reported to be a risk factor in melanoma.
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PABA became unpopular as consumers dislike the yellow discoloration that stains clothing.
“However, PABA became unpopular as consumers dislike the yellow discoloration that stains the clothing (73).”
From Photoprotection: a Review of the Current and Future Technologies (2010) · cites this paper as [73]
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Photoprotection: a Review of the Current and Future Technologies
Wang, S. Q., Balagula, Y., & Osterwalder, U. (2010) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01289.x · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Sun Care Advertising in Popular U.S. Magazines
Lee, E. T., O'Riordan, D., Swetter, S. M., Demierre, M.-F., Brooks, K., & Geller, A. C. (2006) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-20.5.349 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stokes, R., & Diffey, B.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of North Durham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Diffey, B.
- ORCID
- Diffey, B.
- Venue
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-10-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 186-188
- ISSN
- 0905-4383 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0781
- OpenAlex
- W2037961306
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Keywords
- sunscreen, sun protection factor, titanium dioxide, photoprotection, melanoma risk, sun exposure
- MeSH terms
- Epidermis, Humans, Radiation Protection, Sunscreening Agents, Titanium, Ultraviolet Rays, In Vitro Techniques
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