A retrospective study of 889 injured permanent teeth
Abstract
Abstract – The aim of this study was to investigate pre‐injury factors, causes of dental injuries and healing complications after traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. The analysed sample comprised 889 permanent teeth of 384 patients, who were treated in the Dentistry Department in Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. Enamel‐dentin fractures [233 teeth (26.2%)] and lateral luxations [207 teeth (23.3%)] were the most frequent injuries. The age of the patients at the time of injury varied between 7 and 65 years. Predominantly, children were affected [587 injured teeth (66.0%)]. The most frequent causes of injuries in patients older than 11 years were various sport activities, predominantly bicycling. Pulp necrosis was observed in 239 teeth (26.9%). It was the most frequent post‐traumatic complication in all types of dental traumas. Teeth with a completed root formation demonstrated a higher prevalence of pulp necrosis than teeth with an incomplete root formation in all types of luxation injuries. External root resorption was observed in 144 teeth. The rate of inflammatory resorption differed between the various types of luxation injuries (extrusive luxation 5.6%, lateral luxation 11.6%, intrusive luxation 33.3%). Following avulsion and replantation, active inflammatory resorptions were diagnosed in 13 (26.5%) of 49 replanted teeth and ankylosis/replacement resorptions were observed in 21 (42.9%) of 49 replanted teeth. After avulsion, primarily, immature teeth were affected by these complications. Within the observation period of 5 years, 39 teeth (4.4%) had to be removed (16 teeth with root fractures, 19 avulsed and replanted teeth, 3 luxated teeth, 1 tooth with crown‐root fracture).
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Pulp and periodontal complications are more frequent in teeth with fully formed roots than in teeth with open apex.
“Pulp and periodontal complications are more frequent in teeth with fully formed roots as opposed to open apex [9,12,14]”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Post-traumatic pulp and periodontal complications can arise weeks, months, or years after trauma.
“since they can arise weeks, months or years after the trauma, long-term follow-up is essential [11,13,14]”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Combined data from three studies concerning 191 teeth repositioned after extrusions showed 115 teeth with pulp involvement; of these, 53 (27.74%) developed PCO and 62 (32.46%) PN.
“The combined data from three studies (Andreasen et al. [12], Lee et al. [17], Hecova et al. [14]) concerning 191 teeth repositioned after extrusions, of which not all parameters have been indicated (e.g., time from trauma, severity of luxation), showed 115 teeth with pulp involvement. Of these teeth, 53 (27.74% of the total) developed PCO and 62 (32.46%) PN (Table 6).”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
The etiological factors found in this sample were comparable with those most frequently reported in the literature.
“The etiological factors found in this sample were comparable with those most frequently reported in the literature.”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Pulp necrosis is considered the most common post-traumatic complication.
“and it is considered the most common post-traumatic complication [14,18].”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Of the 53 teeth with PCO in the combined data, 40 had OA (75.47%) and 13 CA (24.53%); of the 62 teeth with PN, 15 had OA (24.19%) and 47 CA (75.81%).
“They reported 53 teeth with PCO, of which 40 had OA (75.47%) and 13 CA (24.53%); of the total 62 teeth showing PN, 15 had OA (24.19%) and 47 CA (75.81%).”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Andreasen et al. report a single case of PN after PCO out of 48 (approx. 2%), while Lee et al. report 2 cases among 55 extruded teeth (approx. 3.6%); Hecova et al. do not refer to these data.
“Andreasen et al. [12] report a single case out of a total of 48 (approx. 2%), while Lee et al. [17] report 2 cases among 55 extruded teeth (approx. 3.6%). Hecova et al. [14] do not refer to these data.”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Our data confirm what has been reported in the literature, namely that the healing response of teeth following extrusive luxation depends very much on the stage of root development and the severity of the dislocation.
“Our data, albeit referring to a small sample, confirm what has been reported in the literature [12,14,17], namely that the healing response of teeth following extrusive luxation depends very much on the stage of root development and the severity of the dislocation.”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Data drawn from Andreasen et al., Lee et al., and Hecova et al. confirm the extreme rarity of PN after PCO.
“Drawn from the papers of Andreasen et al. [12], Lee et al. [17], and Hecova et al. [14], these data confirm the extreme rarity of this complication.”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Hecova et al. reported physiological healing in 49 (48 CA and 1 OA) out of 89 teeth after extrusive luxation (55.05%).
“On the other hand, Hecova et al. [14] reported physiological healing in 49 (48 CA and 1 OA) out of 89 teeth after extrusive luxation (55.05%).”
From Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Cites
Cvek, M. (1978) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(78)80153-8 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Occurrence of pulp canal obliteration after luxation injuries in the permanent dentition
Andreasen, F. M., Zhjie, Y., Thomsen, B. L., & Andersen, P. K. (1987) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00611.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
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Bimstein, E., & Rotstein, I. (2016) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12297 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Extrusive Luxation Injuries in Young Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up
Spinas, E., Pipi, L., & Dettori, C. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8040136 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“[14]) concerning 191 teeth repositioned after extrusions, of which not all parameters have been indicated (e.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
- Authors
- Hecova, H., Tzigkounakis, V., Merglova, V., & Netolicky, J.
- Affiliations
- Charles University (CZ)
- Venue
- Dental Traumatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-10-14
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 466-475
- ISSN
- 1600-4469 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-9657
- OpenAlex
- W1873604994
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dental Traumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Dental Trauma and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Keywords
- permanent teeth, dental trauma, tooth luxation, pulp necrosis, external root resorption, inflammatory resorption, tooth avulsion, replantation, root fracture, tooth replacement, children, root development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Athletic Injuries, Bicycling, Child, Dental Enamel, Dental Pulp Necrosis, Dentin, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incisor, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studies, Root Resorption, Tooth Extraction, Tooth Fractures, Tooth Avulsion, Tooth Replantation, Tooth Root, Czech Republic, Tooth Injuries, Tooth Crown, Tooth Ankylosis, Young Adult
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