Post-ischemic brain damage: effect of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning and identification of potential candidates for stroke therapy
Abstract
Because clinical trials of pharmacological neuroprotective strategies in stroke have been disappointing, attention has turned to the brain's own endogenous strategies for neuroprotection. Two endogenous mechanisms have been characterized so far, namely ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning. The neuroprotective concept of preconditioning is based on the observation that a brief, noninjurious episode of ischemia is able to protect the brain from a subsequent longer ischemic insult. Recently, a hypothesis has been offered that modified reperfusion subsequent to a prolonged ischemic episode may also confer ischemic neuroprotection, a phenomenon termed postconditioning. Many pathways have been proposed as plausible mechanisms to explain the neuroprotection offered by preconditioning and postconditioning. Unfortunately, so far, none of them has clearly identified the mechanism involved in preconditioning and postconditioning. The present article will review the main mechanisms reported to date to explain the neuroprotective effect of both ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning.
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NO bioavailability plays an important role modulating chronic tissue ischemia responses.
“NO bioavailability also plays an important role modulating chronic tissue ischemia responses [168, 169].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [169]
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Öncel, T. U., Dinçer, P. Ç., & Cinel, İ. (2012)
Surgical Methods to Induce Brain Preconditioning
Pignataro, G., Cuomo, O., & Vinciguerra, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9695-4_10
Self-citationChoi, E. (2009) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1159158.619463
Mitochondrial Contribution to the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia
Mayevsky, A., Livnat, A., Mendelman, A., & Etziony, R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13019-8_5
- Authors
- Pignataro, G., Scorziello, A., Di Renzo, G., & Annunziato, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Venue
- The FEBS Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12-12
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-57
- ISSN
- 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
- 1742-4658
- OpenAlex
- W1596958478
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- ischemic preconditioning, ischemic postconditioning, stroke, neuroprotection, ischemic brain injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Hypoxia, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Ischemia, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Neuroprotective Agents, Ischemic Preconditioning, Stroke, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
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