Depression Among a Sample of First‐Time Adolescent and Adult Mothers
Open accessAbstract
PROBLEM: Little is known about the rates, correlates, and consequences of depression among a sample of first-time mothers. METHODS: Four-site prospective study of the first 3 years of life among first children born to first-time mothers, including adolescent (N= 396), lower- (N= 169), and higher-resource adult (N= 117). Mothers were administered the Beck Depression Inventory prenatally and 6 months postpartum. Measures of maternal and infant behaviors were taken at 8 months. FINDINGS: Adolescent mothers displayed higher prenatal and 6-month rates of depression than lower- and higher-resource adult mothers, with significantly more adolescent mothers "consistently" depressed at the two time points than lower- and higher-resource adult mothers. Further, adolescent mothers were significantly more likely to become depressed after their babies were born than lower- or higher-resource adult mothers. Depression was negatively related to parenting practices and babies' behavior. As depression increased, mothers scored less favorably in maternal warmth and sensitivity, contingent responsiveness, and general verbalness; children scored less favorably in warmth seeking toward their mothers. CONCLUSION: Findings signify the need for counseling and nurse-based intervention and prevention services geared at preparing pregnant adolescents for motherhood.
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Depression explains a significant portion of children's warmth-seeking behavior toward their mothers for all mothers.
“depression explained a significant portion of children’s warmth-seeking behavior toward their mothers (for all mothers)”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
Depression explains a significant portion of infant attention and arousal only for adolescent mothers.
“and infant attention and arousal (only for adolescent mothers).52”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
Women with depressive symptoms showed less closeness, warmth, and sensitivity and a significantly lower level of mutual attunement and experienced more difficulties in their relationships with their child during the first year than women without depressive symptoms.
“women with depressive symptoms showed less closeness,44 warmth,44,52 and sensitivity44,52 and a significantly lower level of mutual attunement (with regard to emotional availability)37 and experienced more difficulties in their relationships with their child44 during the first year than women without depressive symptoms.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
As maternal depression increased, babies scored less favorably with respect to seeking warmth from their mothers.
“as maternal depression increased, babies scored less favorably with respect to seeking warmth from their mothers.52”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Lanzi, R. G., Bert, S. C., Jacobs, B. K., & Neglect, T. C. F. T. P. O. C.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- ORCID
- Lanzi, Robin Gaines
- Venue
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 194-202
- ISSN
- 1073-6077 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6171
- PMC
- PMC3144469
- OpenAlex
- W1998558989
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039456, K01 HD42173, K01HD042173, HD-39456)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- maternal depression, adolescent mothers, primiparous women, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, parenting practices, infant behavior, socioeconomic resources, pregnancy counseling
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Birth Order, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Prospective Studies, Parenting, Infant Behavior, Depression, Postpartum, Young Adult
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