Randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression in adolescent mothers
Open accessAbstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of an interpersonally oriented intervention on the reduction of the risk of postpartum depression in primiparous adolescents.Study design We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 106 pregnant primiparous adolescents who were ≤17 years old at their first prenatal visit. Participants were assigned randomly to the intervention program (n = 54) or the attention and dose-matched control program (n = 52). Each program included 5 sessions that were delivered during the prenatal period. A structured diagnostic interview was administered to assess for the primary outcome and depression at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after delivery.Results Participants included Hispanic (53%), non-Hispanic black (17%), and non-Hispanic white (16%) adolescents. The overall rate of depression in the intervention group (12.5%) was lower than the control group (25%) with a hazard rate ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.17-1.15) at 6 months after delivery.Conclusion An intervention that is delivered during the prenatal period has the potential to reduce the risk for postpartum depression in primiparous adolescent mothers.
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Existing perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low-risk outpatients and are not aligned with the unique needs of hospitalized antepartum patients.
“Existing perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low‐risk outpatients [22, 23, 24, 25], and they are not aligned with the unique needs of hospitalized antepartum patients.”
From Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
The Materials and Methods section (Participants, eligibility and setting; page unavailable) says participants were recruited through an urban prenatal clinic, supporting the outpatient setting. But the Introduction (page unavailable) identifies adolescent mothers as having a higher risk of postpartum depression than adult mothers, so this intervention is not an example designed for a low-risk population. The citation is attached to the first clause; the paper does not assess hospitalized antepartum patients’ needs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExisting perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low‐risk outpatients and are not aligned with the perspectives and needs of high‐risk inpatients facing acute stressors.
“However, existing perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low‐risk outpatients [22, 23, 24, 25]; they are not aligned with the perspectives and needs of high‐risk inpatients facing acute stressors.”
From Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
The Materials and Methods section (Participants: eligibility and setting; page unavailable) describes recruitment through a prenatal clinic and exclusion of adolescents with current psychiatric disorders, supporting the outpatient prevention setting. But the Introduction describes adolescent mothers as having elevated postpartum-depression risk, so calling this intervention designed for “low-risk” patients overstates the source. The paper does not assess whether interventions meet high-risk inpatients’ needs; that appears as the citing authors’ conclusion rather than the part directly cited. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Phipps, M. G., Raker, C. A., Ware, C. F., & Zlotnick, C.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Providence College (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 208
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 192.e1-192.e6
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4386618
- OpenAlex
- W2113424436
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 7.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH77588)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, adolescent mothers, primiparous adolescents, prenatal intervention, interpersonal psychotherapy, depression prevention, Latino youth, non-Hispanic Black adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Prenatal Care, Psychotherapy, Treatment Outcome, Depression, Postpartum
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