The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TEST BIAS: PREDICTION OF GRADES OF NEGRO AND WHITE STUDENTS IN INTEGRATED COLLEGES
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Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the general notions transfer to (binary) classiication settings and thus deine essential concepts such as protected/demographic variables (e.g.[72,73]), notions of group vs individual fairness (e.g.[257,278]), impossibility conditions between fairness conditions ( [81]), and metric-based fairness quantiication (e.g., true positive rates, [74]).”
From Fairness in machine learning: A survey (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“Two initial foci of fairness research were unfairness of standardized tests in higher education contexts [72,73] and discrimination in employment contexts [133].”
From Fairness in machine learning: A survey (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
Citations
Cites
Cleary, T. A., & Hilton, T. L. (1968) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446802800106 · Cited by 163
Self-citationTHE USE OF SPECIAL MATRIX OPERATORS IN STATISTICAL CALCULUS
Beaton, A. E. (1964) · ETS Research Bulletin Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1964.tb00689.x · Cited by 102
CORRELATION OF SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST SCORE WITH COLLEGE GRADES FOR NEGROES VERSUS WHITES1
Stanley, J. C., & Porter, A. C. (1967) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1967.tb00589.x · Cited by 65
The Negro student at integrated colleges
Clark, K. B., & Plotkin, L. (1963) · Cited by 46
SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTELLECTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHMEN ENTERING A LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE1
McKelpin, J. P. (1965) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1965.tb00411.x · Cited by 20
TESTING OF CULTURALLY DIFFERENT GROUPS
Campbell, J. T. (1964) · ETS Research Bulletin Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1964.tb00506.x · Cited by 10
Biaggio, A. M. B. (1966) · Cited by 9
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Biaggio, Angela M. B., 1966, Research and Development Center for Learning and Re‐education
- Hills J. R., 1963, Freshman norms for the University System of Georgia, 1961–1962
- Olsen Marjorie., 1957, Summary of main findings on the validity of the CEEB Tests of Developed Ability as predictors of college grades
- Roberts S. O., 1962, Studies in identification of college potential
- Roberts S. O., 1964, Comparative validity study of CEEB and CIEP test programs
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ahuja, M. K., & Bennett, J. (2005) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148691 · Cited by 818
Fairness in machine learning: A survey
Caton, S., & Haas, C. (2024) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3616865 · Cited by 646
RISK, RACE, AND RECIDIVISM: PREDICTIVE BIAS AND DISPARATE IMPACT*
SKEEM, J. L., & LOWENKAMP, C. T. (2016) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12123 · Cited by 317
50 Years of Test (Un)fairness: Lessons for Machine Learning
Hutchinson, B., & Mitchell, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3287560.3287600 · Cited by 297
THORNDIKE, R. L. (1971) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1971.tb00907.x · Cited by 265
Metadata
- Authors
- Cleary, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cleary, T. Anne
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Measurement
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1968-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-124
- ISSN
- 0022-0655 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-3984
- OpenAlex
- W2114123404
- Cited by
- 658
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 82.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Keywords
- test bias, grade prediction, Black students, white students, college admissions testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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