The DOI matches its Crossref record; 229 of the 233 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Morality: An Evolutionary Account
Abstract
Refinements in Darwin's theory of the origin of a moral sense create a framework equipped to organize and integrate contemporary theory and research on morality. Morality originated in deferential, cooperative, and altruistic “social instincts,” or decision-making strategies, that enabled early humans to maximize their gains from social living and resolve their conflicts of interest in adaptive ways. Moral judgments, moral norms, and conscience originated from strategic interactions among members of groups who experienced confluences and conflicts of interest. Moral argumentation buttressed by moral reasoning is equipped to generate universal and impartial moral standards. Moral beliefs and standards are products of automatic and controlled information-processing and decision-making mechanisms. To understand how people make moral decisions, we must understand how early evolved mechanisms in the old brain and recently evolved mechanisms in the new brain are activated and how they interact. Understanding what a sense of morality is for helps us understand what it is.
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“This caveat might have contributed to the similar results in the meta-analyses on moral cognition and on ToM (rather than on empathy), given that emotion processing is thought to play a paramount role in real-world moral cognition (Krebs 2008; Tangney et al. 2007; Haidt 2001).”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Krebs 2008
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Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Krebs, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Krebs, Dennis L.
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 149-172
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- OpenAlex
- W2132071493
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 233
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 6.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Keywords
- moral sense, evolution of morality, social instinct, cooperation, altruism, moral judgment, moral norms, conscience, moral reasoning, moral argument, ethical decision-making, automatic and controlled processing, conflicts of interest
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