Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors and survival in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Differences in risk factor profiles between patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke may have an impact on subsequent mortality. AIM: To explore cardiovascular disease risk factors, including the CHADS(2) score, with survival after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2005, 87 111 (83%) ischemic stroke, 12 497 (12%) hemorrhagic stroke, and 5435 (5%) patients with unspecified stroke were identified in the Swedish Stroke Register. Data on gender, age, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were linked to the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registers. Adjusted odds and hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic stroke patients were younger than ischemic stroke patients. All cardiovascular disease risk factors studied, alone or combined in the CHADS(2) score, were associated with higher odds ratios for ischemic stroke vs. hemorrhagic stroke. Higher CHADS(2) scores and all studied risk factors except hypertension were associated with higher odds ratio for death by ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke was associated with lower early mortality (within 30 days) vs. hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio = 0·28, confidence interval 0·27 to 0·29). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hemorrhagic stroke had a higher risk of dying within the first 30 days after stroke, but the risk of death was similar in the two groups after one-month. Hypertension was the only cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with an increased mortality rate for hemorrhagic stroke as compared to ischemic stroke.
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20-30% of patients with an ischaemic stroke have AF diagnosed before, during, or after the initial event.
“Contemporary studies show that 20-30% of patients with an ischaemic stroke have AF diagnosed before, during, or after the initial event.17,26,27”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Henriksson, K. M., Farahmand, B., Åsberg, S., Edvardsson, N., & Terént, A.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Henriksson, Karin M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Stroke
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 276-281
- ISSN
- 1747-4930 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-4949
- OpenAlex
- W1966692355
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cardiovascular risk factors, CHADS2 score, stroke mortality, hypertension, stroke subtypes, survival after stroke
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Brain Ischemia, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sweden, Age Distribution, Stroke, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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