The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias against Women in the Treatment of Pain
Abstract
To the woman, God said, “I will greatly multiply your pain in child bearing; in pain you shall bring forth children, yet your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you.” Genesis 3:16 There is now a well-established body of literature documenting the pervasive inadequate treatment of pain in this country. There have also been allegations, and some data, supporting the notion that women are more likely than men to be undertreated or inappropriately diagnosed and treated for their pain. One particularly troublesome study indicated that women are more likely to be given sedatives for their pain and men to be given pain medication. Speculation as to why this difference might exist has included the following: Women complain more than men; women are not accurate reporters of their pain; men are more stoic so that when they do complain of pain, “it's real”; and women are better able to tolerate pain or have better coping skills than men.
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Research from other fields has found women's reports of pain to not be taken seriously, causing them to endure pain unnecessarily for extended periods or to not receive needed treatment.
“Research from other fields has found women’s reports of pain to not be taken seriously, causing them to endure pain unnecessarily for extended periods or to not receive needed treatment [68].”
From ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. (2019) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Hoffmann, D. E., & Tarzian, A. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-27
- ISSN
- 1073-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-720X
- OpenAlex
- W2165895019
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons at University of Maryland Carey Law (University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- MAYDAY Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- undertreatment of pain, gender bias in medicine, women's pain, pain diagnosis, pain medication prescribing, pain reporting, pain tolerance, coping strategies
- MeSH terms
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Female, Humans, Pain, Pain Measurement, Palliative Care, Prejudice, Sex Factors, United States, Women's Health, Empirical Research
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