CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 139Urinary Bladder and Prostate ResearchMast cells and histamineGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Interstitial Cystitis: A Neuroimmunoendocrine Disorder a

THEOHARIDES, THEOHARIDES C., PANG, XINZHU, LETOURNEAU, RICHARD, SANT, GRANNUM R.·1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09601.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A bstract : Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a sterile bladder condition occurring primarily in females. It is characterized by frequency, nocturia, and suprapubic pain. IC symptoms are exacerbated during ovulation and under stress, thus implicating neurohormonal processes. The most prevalent theories to explain the pathophysiology of IC appear to be altered bladder lining and increased number of activated bladder mast cells. A defective bladder glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer could allow penetration of allergic triggers, as well as chemicals, food preservatives, drugs, toxins, and adherent bacteria, all of which can activate bladder mast cells. Vasoactive, nociceptive, and proinflammatory molecules released can lead to immune cell infiltration and can sensitize neurons to secrete neurotransmitters or neuropeptides that can further activate mast cells. Mast cell‐derived proteases can directly cause tissue damage, and it is noteworthy that urine tryptase is elevated in IC. Bladder mast cells are located close to neuronal processes, which are increased in IC, and they can be activated in situ by acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP). Such activation is augmented by estradiol, which acquires significance in view of the fact that human bladder mast cells express estrogen receptors, but few progesterone receptors, which may explain the worsening of IC symptoms during ovulation. Finally, acute psychological stress in rats leads to mast cell activation that can be reduced by depletion of SP or neutralization of peripheral immune corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH). These findings suggest that IC could be a syndrome with neural, immune, and endocrine components, in which activated mast cells play a central role.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09601.x

Cites

100 of 100 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
THEOHARIDES, T. C., PANG, X., LETOURNEAU, R., & SANT, G. R.
Affiliations
Tufts University (US)
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1998-05
Volume
840
Issue
1
Pages
619-634
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
DOI
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09601.x
OpenAlex
W1993112537
Cited by
139
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
2.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2839 d)
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk044816-03, 5r01dk042409-03)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK42409, DK44816)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
interstitial cystitis, mast cells, estradiol, substance P, acetylcholine, corticotropin-releasing factor, psychological stress, ovulation, bladder pain, nocturia, pathophysiology
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Communication, Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Mast Cells, Nervous System Diseases, Neurons, Cystitis, Interstitial

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review