CHANGES IN STRATIFICATION IN ONONDAGA LAJKE, NEW YORK1
Abstract
The calibration of a mixed‐layer stratification model to the complex stratification region of Onondaga Lake is documented. The short‐ and long‐term impacts of the closure of an adjoining alkali plant on the stratification regime of Onondaga Lake are evaluated with this model from the perspective of natural variations associated with meteorological variability. Chemical stratification prevailed in the lake during the operation of the facility as a result of its discharge of ionic waste. A predicted likely short‐term impact of the closure, that was subsequently observed, was the failure of the lake to turn over in the spring immediately following the closure. Spring turnover did not occur regularly during the operation of the facility; but turnover can be expected to occur regularly in the future. Other projected changes in average stratification conditions include: 1) a 45% shorter period of stratification, 2) a 3m deeper upper mixed layer, and 3) a 30% lower maximum density gradient. Substantial variability in the stratification is predicted as a result of meteorological variability, indicating that comparison of characteristics for individual years during and after the operation of the facility could be misleading. The changes in the stratification regime are expected to affect water quality. In particular, certain features of the oxygen resources of the hypolimnioa are expected to improve (e.g., delayed onset of anoxia).
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Saline waste plunged in the water column, extended the duration of stratification, and irregularly caused failure of spring turnover in Onondaga Lake.
“saline ( i.e. , dense) waste plunged in the water column and extended the duration of stratification and irregularly caused failure of spring turnover (Owens and Effler 1989)”
From Implications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2008) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
Differences in the timing of the peak pool sizes for ∑S 2- and CH4 between 1990 and 2004 (mid-September vs. late September) reflect interannual differences in the mixing/stratification regime (meteorology).
“Differences in the timing of the peak pool sizes for both ∑S 2- (Fig. 5c) and CH 4 (Fig. 5d) between the two years (mid-September vs. late September) reflect the effects of interannual differences in the mixing/stratification regime ( i.e. , meteorology; Owens and Effler 1989).”
From Implications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2008) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
More regular occurrence of spring turnover followed the abrupt reduction in salinity after closure of the industry.
“The abrupt reduction in salinity (S‰) following closure of the industry caused a shift to shorter durations of stratification (Effler and Owens 1996), and more regular occurrence of spring turnover (Fig. 7c and 7d; Owens and Effler 1989).”
From Implications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2008) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
Substantial interannual variations in the occurrence and duration of spring turnover persist, at least in part associated with natural meteorological variability.
“Substantial interannual variations in the occurrence and duration of spring turnover persist, at least in part associated with natural meteorological variability (Owens and Effler 1989).”
From Implications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2008) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
The soda ash facility's ionic discharge caused chemical stratification in Onondaga Lake.
“this facility's ionic discharge caused chemical stratification in the lake”
From Assessment of Long-term Trends in the Oxygen Resources of a Recovering Urban Lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2006) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
The soda ash facility's ionic discharge prevented complete spring turnover in Onondaga Lake in some years.
“and in some years prevented complete spring turnover (Owens and Effler 1989;Effler and Matthews 2003).”
From Assessment of Long-term Trends in the Oxygen Resources of a Recovering Urban Lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2006) · cites this paper as Owens and Effler 1989
Cites
Failure of spring turnover in Onondaga Lake, NY, U.S.A.
Effler, S. W., & Perkins, M. G. (1987) · Water, Air, and Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/bf00193776 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Matthews, D. A., & Effler, S. W. (2006) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0702 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMatthews, D. A., & Effler, S. W. (2006) · Lake and Reservoir Management · doi:10.1080/07438140609353881 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationDensity Stratification in Onondaga Lake: 1968–1994
Effler, S. W., & Owens, E. M. (1996) · Lake and Reservoir Management · doi:10.1080/07438149609353994 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationImplications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York
Effler, S. W., & Matthews, D. A. (2008) · Lake and Reservoir Management · doi:10.1080/07438140809354056 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Upwelling Event at Onondaga Lake, NY: Characterization, Impact and Recurrence*
Effler, S. W., Wagner, B. A., O'Donnell, S. M., Matthews, D. A., O'Donnell, D. M., Gelda, R. K., Matthews, C. M., & Cowen, E. A. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1023/b:hydr.0000014040.88372.82 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Owens, E. M., & Effler, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Upstate Freshwater Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Effler, Steven W.
- Venue
- JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 587-597
- ISSN
- 1093-474X (ISSN-L)
- 1752-1688
- OpenAlex
- W1998054828
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2019: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- lake stratification, Onondaga Lake, chemical stratification, weather variability, hypolimnetic anoxia, dissolved oxygen, density gradient
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