Density Stratification in Onondaga Lake: 1968–1994
Open accessAbstract
The profound impact of ionic (saline) waste from soda ash production on the density of inflows to, and the stratification regime of, Onondaga Lake, NY is documented. The analysis is based on inflow data reported by Effler et al. 1996 in this issue and on lake monitoring data collected over the 1968–1994 interval. Particular emphasis is placed on characterization of changes that followed closure of the soda ash manufacturing facility. Inflows enriched with the ionic waste have been more dense than the lake surface and entered as underflows, sometimes plunging to the lake bottom. Density differences have been reduced, but not eliminated, following closure of the facility. During the operation of the facility, the lake annually had a significant salinity component of density stratification, spring turnover failed to occur in a number of years, the duration of summer stratification was extended, and reformation of salinity-based stratification in fall was common. A nearly 90% reduction in ionic waste loading from soda ash production has substantially ameliorated these impacts, though some impact continues to be observed from the residual loading. The impacts of ionic waste on the lake's stratification regime have exacerbated the lake's problem of limited hypolimnetic oxygen resources.
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The abrupt reduction in salinity following closure of the industry caused a shift to shorter durations of stratification.
“The abrupt reduction in salinity (S‰) following closure of the industry caused a shift to shorter durations of stratification (Effler and Owens 1996), and more regular occurrence of spring turnover (Fig. 7c and 7d; Owens and Effler 1989).”
From Implications of redox processes for the rehabilitation of an urban lake, Onondaga Lake, New York (2008) · cites this paper as Effler and Owens 1996
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- Authors
- Effler, S. W., & Owens, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Upstate Freshwater Institute (US)
- Syracuse University (US)
- ORCID
- Effler, Steven W.
- Venue
- Lake and Reservoir Management
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-33
- ISSN
- 0743-8141 (ISSN-L)
- 1040-2381
- 2151-5530
- OpenAlex
- W2080674532
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2018: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Lake and Reservoir Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- Onondaga Lake, soda ash production, summer stratification, hypolimnetic oxygen
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