Blue, Green, and Grey Water Quantification Approaches: A Bibliometric and Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
An array of methodologies to quantify blue, green, and grey water have emerged in recent years and are still evolving rapidly, as are efforts to come up with reliable indicators of human appropriation of freshwater resources. This study provides an overview of recent blue, green, and grey water quantification approaches by analyzing publications extracted from the Web of Science database utilizing the Network Analysis Interface for Literature Studies (NAILS) bibliometric analysis tool, covering the period 2000–2018. A steep increase in the number of blue, green, and grey water publications was observed from the year 2009, with the United States and China among the top contributing nations. Blue, green, and grey water quantification approaches used in the analyzed publications were broadly categorized into Water Footprint Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, and Hybrid methodologies. The Water Footprint Network was the most influential hub in terms of providing the most productive and cited authors. “Water footprint” and “virtual water” were unsurprisingly the trendiest and most cited keywords associated with the sample of analyzed publications. The study provides important insights that are helpful in understanding the diversity of techniques that have been applied to quantify blue, green, and grey water in recent assessment studies.
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Web of Science and Scopus are considered comprehensive databases that contain high-quality studies.
“Both tools are considered comprehensive databases that contain high-quality studies (Gao & Guo, 2014), and they are widely used in literature review (Mubako, 2018).”
From Green public procurement as an effective way for sustainable development: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Mubako, 2018
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- Authors
- Mubako, S. T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mubako, Stanley T.
- ORCID
- Mubako, Stanley T.
- Venue
- Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-19
- ISSN
- 1936-7031 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-704X
- OpenAlex
- W2908289920
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- opensiuc.lib.siu.edu
- Locations
- Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education (publishedVersion)
- OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resources and Sustainability
- Keywords
- blue water, green water, greywater, water footprint assessment, life cycle assessment, virtual water
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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