The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Auditory-visual integration in normal and retarded readers.
Abstract
The relation of auditory-visual integration to reading retardation was studied in 200 children nine and ten years of age. One hundred and fifty were retarded readers and 50 were normal readers. The retarded readers were significantly less able to make judgments of auditory-visual equivalence than were the normal readers. Within the two groups of readers, those children with lower auditory-visual performance tended to have the lower reading scores. When children with low normal IQ were eliminated from consideration, the significant difference in auditory-visual test performance between the retarded and normal readers was sustained. The findings were interpreted to indicate that the development of auditory-visual integration has specific relevance to sole factor underlying reading incompetence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Decoding, reading, and reading disability.
Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193258600700104 · Cited by 3,972
Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?
Vellutino, F. R., Fletcher, J. M., Snowling, M. J., & Scanlon, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x · Cited by 2,555
Developmental Dyslexia: a Diagnostic Approach Based on Three Atypical Reading‐spelling Patterns
Boder, E. (1973) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1973.tb05180.x · Cited by 731
Stimulus overselectivity in autism: A review of research
Lovaas, O. I., Koegel, R. L., & Schreibman, L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.6.1236 · Cited by 449
Freides, D. (1974) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0036331 · Cited by 362
Metadata
- Authors
- Birch, H. G., & Belmont, L.
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
- Published
- 1964-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 852-861
- ISSN
- 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0025
- OpenAlex
- W2167286619
- Cited by
- 385
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Auditory-visual integration in normal and retarded readers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02240.x
- The paper
- Birch, H. G., & Belmont, L. (1964). Auditory-visual integration in normal and retarded readers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02240.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.