The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Developmental Dyslexia: a Diagnostic Approach Based on Three Atypical Reading‐spelling Patterns
Abstract
SUMMARY A method of diagnosing developmental dyslexia is presented, based on three atypical patterns of reading and spelling. These three atypical patterns enable dyslexic children to be classified into one of three main subtypes—dysphonetic (unable to integrate symbols with their sounds), dyseidetic (unable to perceive letters and whole words as configurations or gestalts), or a combination of both. One of these three patterns is found in all severely retarded readers who fulfil standard diagnostic criteria for developmental dyslexia, and none are found among children who read and spell normally. The relationship between a dyslexic child's pattern of reading and pattern of spelling is so consistent that one is predictive of the other. Long‐term observation of the children in this study shows that the reading‐spelling pattern remains consistent, though less obvious, even when the actual level of reading and spelling rises significantly. These findings strongly suggest that the three reading‐spelling patterns are diagnostic in themselves, each of the three subtypes having different prognostic and therapeutic implications. RÉSUMÉ Dyslexie de développement: approche diagnostique basée sur trois schèmes atypiques de lecture et d'orthographe Une méthode de diagnostic de la dyslexie de développement est décrite, basée sur trois schèmes atypiques de lecture et d'orthographe. Ces trois schèmes atypiques permettent de classer les enfants dyslexiques en trois sous‐groupes principaux: dysphonétiques (incapables d'intégrer les symboles et les sons), dyseidetiques (incapables de considérer les lettres et les mots comme des ensembles ou gestalts) ou une combinaison des deux. Un de ces trois patterns est trouvé chez tous les enfants gravement retardés dans la lecture et qui répondent aux critères diagnostiques standard de dyslexie de développement et aucun ne sont trouvés chez les enfants qui lisent et épellent normalement. La relation entre le type de lecture et le type d'orthographe chez un enfant dyslexique est tellement forte que la présence d'un pattern permet de prévoir l'autre. Une observation à long terme des enfants de cette étude montre que le pattern de lecture et d'orthographe persiste alors même que l'efficacité réelle de lecture et d'orthographe augmente significativement. Ces découvertes suggèrent nettement que les trois schèmes de lecture‐orthographe constituent des catégories diagnostiques, chacun des trois sous‐groupes ayant un pronostic et des implications thérapeutiques différents. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Entwicklungsstörung des Lesens: ein diagnostischer Annäherungsversuch begründet auf 3 atypischen Lese‐ und Buchstabierverhaltensweisen Eine Methode, eine Entwicklungsstörung des Lesens zu diagnostizieren wird vorgestellt. Sie basiert auf drei atypischen Verhaltensweisen beim Lesen und Buchstabieren. Diese Verhaltensweisen ermöglichen es legasthenische Kinder in eine der drei Untergruppen einzuordnen, in die dysphonetische Gruppe (Unfähigkeit Symbole und Laute zusammenzufügen) in die dyseidetische Gruppe (Unfähigkeit die Bedeutung von Buchstaben und Wörtern als Gestalten wahrzunehmen) und in die Gruppe, die auf einer Kombination beider Unfähigkeiten beruht. Eine dieser drei Arten ist bei allen schwer lesegestörten Personen zu finden sein, die die üblichen diagnostischen Kriterien einer Leseschwäche aufweisen, keine davon wird man bei normal lesenden und buchstabierenden Kindern finden. Die verwandtschaft der Art zu Lesen und zu Buchstabieren ist bei einem legasthenischen Kind so übereinstimmend, dass eines aus dem anderen hervorgeht. Langzeitbeobachtungen der Kinder dieser Studie zeigen, daß die Verhaltensweisen beim Lesen und Buchstabieren bestehen bleibt, selbst wenn die Fähigkeit zu Lesen und zu Buchstabieren signifikant zugenommen hat. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, daß die drei atypischen Lese und Buchstabierverhaltensweisen in ihrer Art diagnostizierbar sind. Jede der drei Gruppen hat eine unterschiedliche Prognose und verlangt eine unterschiedliche Therapie. RESUMEN Dislexia de desarrollo; una aproximación diagnóstica basada en tres patrones atípicos de lectura y ortografía Se presenta un método de diagnosticar la dislexia de desarrollo basado en tres patrones atípicos de lectura y ortografía. Estos tres patrones hacen posible el clasificar los niños disléxicos en uno de los tres siguientes subgrupos: “Disfonético” (incapaz de integrar símbolos y sonidos), “diseidetico” (incapaz de percibir las letras y las palabras como esquemas, o gestalts) o bien una combinación de ambos. Uno de estos tres patrones se encuentra en todos los niños con grave retraso de lectura, que cumplen con los criterios diagnósticos standard para la dislexia de desarrollo, mientras que no se encuentra ninguno en los niños que leen y escriben normalmente. La relación entre los patrones de lectura y de ortografía en el niño disléxico es tan consistente que uno es predictivo del otro. La observación a largo plazo de los niños en este estudio muestra que el patrón de lecto‐escritura permanece consistente, aunque menos obvio, incluso si el nivel de lectura y ortografía aumenta significativamente. Estos hallazgos sugieren fuertemente que los tres patrones de lecto‐escritura son diagnósticos por sí mismos, si bien cada uno de los tres subgrupos tiene una diferente implicación pronóstica y terapéutica.
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Language Deficits in Dyslexic Children: Speech Perception, Phonology, and Morphology
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Differences in eye movements and reading problems in dyslexic and normal children
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Metadata
- Authors
- Boder, E.
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1973-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 663-687
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- OpenAlex
- W2080620086
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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