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Impact tectonics in the core of the Vredefort dome, South Africa: Implications for central uplift formation in very large impact structures
Abstract
Abstract— The 80 km wide Vredefort dome presents a unique opportunity to investigate the deep levels of the central uplift of a very large impact structure. Exposure of progressively older strata in the collar of the dome and of progressively higher‐grade metamorphic rocks toward its center is consistent with differential uplift; however, the deepest levels exposed correspond to pre‐impact midcrust, rather than lower crust, as has been suggested previously. Pre‐impact Archean gneissic fabrics in the core of the dome are differentially rotated, with the angle of rotation increasing sharply at a distance of ˜16–19 km from the center. The present asymmetric dips of the collar strata, with layering dipping outward at moderate angles in the southeastern sector but being overturned and dipping inward in the northwestern sector, and the eccentric distribution of the pre‐impact metamorphic isograds around the core of the dome can be reconciled with symmetric rotation of an initially obliquely NW‐dipping target sequence during central uplift formation. The rocks in the core of the dome lack distinctive megablocks or large‐slip‐magnitude faults such as have been described in other central uplifts. We suggest that the large‐scale coherent response of these rocks to the central uplift formation could have been accommodated by small‐scale shear and/or rotation along pervasive pseudotachylitic breccia vein‐fractures.
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In the citing paper
“Based on the structural continuity of Archean metamorphic mineral fabrics, they concluded that the required displacements were achieved by small-scale (mm-cm) differential rotations and slip.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. (2003)
In the citing paper
“Although exposures are limited , Lana et al. (2003) failed to identify fault-bounded blocks in the crystalline core at Vredefort.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. (2003)
In the citing paper
“They further suggested that the pervasive network of veins of pseudotachylitic breccia may have provided the means for large-scale continuous rock flow during structural uplift.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. (2003)
In the citing paper
“In particular, the fabrics are steeply dipping close to the collar rocks and parallel the post-impact attitude of the collar rocks.By contrast, toward the central portion of the crystalline core, the fabrics rotate back to a subhorizontal attitude.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. (2003)
In the citing paper
“The originally deepest rocks of the crystalline core of the Vredefort Dome are from mid-crustal levels (Lana et al. 2003)”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“The collar rocks at Vredefort indicate that uplift and rotation to near vertical to overturned attitudes, with the variation likely due to the effect of a pre-impact regional dip (Lana et al. 2003;Wieland et al. 2005), occurred prior to the outward-directed radial thrusting (Simpson 1978;Brink et al. 1997).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“At these levels, movement appears to have been accomplished by cumulative small-scale differential rock displacements (shearing and rotation) that is facilitated by pervasive pseudotachylitic breccia veining and high postshock temperatures (Lana et al. 2003;Dressler and Reimold 2004;Gibson and Reimold 2005).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“The situation, however, may be different in the core of the structural uplift, as suggested by the lack of discrete structures and the sub-horizontal impact-related mineral fabrics in the center of the core at Vredefort (Lana et al. 2003).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Both the Vredefort and Sudbury structures display the classic pattern of the upturning of lithologies and the exposure of deeper stratigraphic levels in the parautochthonous rocks of the crater floor, as the center of the structure is approached (Lana et al. 2003;Riller 2005;Wieland et al. 2005).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“In contrast, in the central portion of the core, the planar mineral fabrics are sub-horizontal (Lana et al. 2003), suggesting a further set of movements, beyond the inward and upward movements that characterize the structural uplifts of smaller terrestrial impact structures.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Lana et al. 2003
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
GRIEVE, R. A. F., REIMOLD, W. U., MORGAN, J., RILLER, U., & PILKINGTON, M. (2008) · Meteoritics & Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb01086.x · Cited by 90
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- LANA, C., GIBSON, R. L., & REIMOLD, W. U.
- Venue
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1093-1107
- ISSN
- 1086-9379
- 1945-5100
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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