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Cited by 541Emotions and Moral BehaviorPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchForgiveness and Related Behaviors

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy

Gilbert, Paul·1997·British Journal of Medical Psychology
DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01893.x
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Abstract

This paper suggests that humans have innate needs to be seen as attractive to others. These needs form the basis for shame and mediate evaluations of social standing (status), social acceptance and social bonds. Shame and humiliation are associated with attacks on, and losses of, social attractiveness. The internal experiences of shame are derived from submissive strategies where one seeks to signal to others awareness of loss of social standing and limit possible damage. However, it is suggested that shame and humiliation differ from each other in a number of ways. For example, in shame the focus is on the self, while in humiliation the focus is on the harm done by others. Variations in the defensive strategies of shame and humiliation (e.g. avoidance, escape versus aggression and revenge) can pose particularly difficult problems in therapy. A focus on the role of social attractiveness in shame also allows for important distinctions to be drawn between shame and guilt.

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Metadata

Authors
Gilbert, P.
Affiliations
University of Derby (GB)
Corresponding author
Gilbert, Paul
ORCID
Gilbert, Paul
Venue
British Journal of Medical Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1997-06
Volume
70
Issue
2
Pages
113-147
ISSN
0007-1129 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01893.x
OpenAlex
W1981058655
Cited by
539
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 27
FWCI
9.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5154 d)
Locations
  • British Journal of Medical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Keywords
social attractiveness, shame, humiliation, guilt, social status, social acceptance, social bonds, defense strategy, avoidance, psychotherapy, evolutionary psychology of emotion
MeSH terms
Attention, Mental Disorders, Guilt, Humans, Psychological Theory, Shame, Social Desirability

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