Fuzzy cognitive mapping: An old tool with new uses in nursing research
Abstract
Aims: Describe the implementation and uses of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) as a constructive method for meeting the unique and rapidly evolving needs of nursing inquiry and practice. Design: Discussion paper. Data sources: Drawing on published scholarship of cognitive mapping from the fields of ecological management, information technology, economics, organizational behaviour and health development, we consider how FCM can contribute to contemporary challenges and aspirations of nursing research. Implications for nursing: Fuzzy cognitive mapping can generate theory, describe knowledge systems in comparable terms and inform questionnaire design and dialogue. It can help build participant–researcher partnerships, elevate marginalized voices and facilitate intercultural dialogue. As a relatively culturally safe and foundational approach in participatory research, we suggest that FCM should be used in settings of transcultural nursing, patient engagement, person‐ and family‐centred care and research with marginalized populations. FCM is amenable to rigorous analysis and simultaneously allows for greater participation of stakeholders. Conclusion: In highly complex healthcare contexts, FCM can act as a common language for defining challenges and articulating solutions identified within the nursing discipline. Impact: There is a need to reconcile diverse sources of knowledge to meeting the needs of nursing inquiry. FCM can generate theory, describe knowledge systems, facilitate dialogue and support questionnaire design. In its capacity to engage multiple perspectives in defining problems and identifying solutions, FCM can contribute to advancing nursing research and practice.
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It would have been difficult and inadvisable to conduct an FCM group with 40 people, as the recommended maximum is five per session.
“It would have been difficult and inadvisable to conduct a FCM group with this number of people, as the recommended number of participants is maximum five per session (Andersson & Silver, 2019).”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Andersson & Silver, 2019
The fuzzy cognitive mapping analysis followed the approach of the author's co-supervisor and team.
“Analysis of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping relied on the approach used and outlined by my co-supervisor and his team (Andersson & Silver, 2019;Sarmiento et al., 2024;Sarmiento et al., 2022).”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Andersson & Silver, 2019
For each of the two maps, the study followed a protocol based on those outlined by Andersson and Silver (2019), Barbrook-Johnson & Penn (2022), and Cole & Perschitte (2000).
“For each of the two maps, we followed a protocol based on those outlined by Andersson and Silver (2019), Barbrook-Johnson & Penn (2022) and Cole & Perschitte (2000).”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Andersson and Silver, 2019
The study tried to organize FCM groups of about three to five people, as more than five people leads to a less smooth and efficient process.
“We tried to organize groups of about three to five people, as more than five people has been found to lead to a less smooth and efficient process (Andersson & Silver, 2019).”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Andersson & Silver, 2019
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Andersson, N., & Silver, H.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (MX)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Silver, Hilah
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-10-10
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3823-3830
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2648
- OpenAlex
- W2971607732
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and Assessment
- Keywords
- fuzzy cognitive mapping, cognitive mapping, nursing research, participatory research, transcultural nursing, patient engagement, person-centred care, family-centered care, marginalized communities, intercultural dialogue, knowledge systems, theory generation, questionnaire design, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Data Collection, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Nursing Research, Fuzzy Logic
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