Weight management in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A randomized controlled trial of two dietary approaches
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is equal to or greater than the general population. Methods: Overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2) with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to an enhanced stop light diet (eSLD = SLD + portion‐controlled meals, n = 78) or a conventional diet (CD, n = 72) for an 18 months trial (6 months weight loss, 12 months maintenance). Participants were asked to increase physical activity (150 min/week), self‐monitor diet and physical activity and attend counselling/educational sessions during monthly home visits. Results: Weight loss (6 months) was significantly greater in the eSLD (−7.0% ± 5.0%) compared with the CD group (−3.8% ± 5.1%, p < .001). However, at 18 months, weight loss between groups did not differ significantly (eSLD = −6.7% ± 8.3%; CD = 6.4% ± 8.6%; p = .82). Conclusion: The eSLD and CD provided clinically meaningful weight loss over 18 months in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Existing trials in adults with mild-to-moderate ID demonstrate that clinically relevant weight loss is achievable when using a reduced-energy enhanced Stop Light Diet (eSLD).
“Existing trials in adults with mild-to-moderate ID demonstrate that clinically relevant weight loss is achievable when using a reduced-energy enhanced Stop Light Diet (eSLD), which combines portion-controlled entrées, low-calorie shakes, and behavioral counseling 15,16.”
From A cooking skills intervention for long-term weight loss in young adults with intellectual disabilities: Rationale and design for a randomized trial (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Previous research demonstrated clinically meaningful long-term weight loss (18-24 mos.) in adults with ID using the eSLD approach.
“Previous research has demonstrated clinically meaningful short-term weight loss in both adults 15 and adolescents/young adults with ID 18,28 and clinically meaningful long-term weight loss (18–24 mos.)15,16 in adults with ID using the eSLD approach.”
From A cooking skills intervention for long-term weight loss in young adults with intellectual disabilities: Rationale and design for a randomized trial (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Previous research demonstrated clinically meaningful short-term weight loss in both adults and adolescents/young adults with ID using the eSLD approach.
“Previous research has demonstrated clinically meaningful short-term weight loss in both adults 15 and adolescents/young adults with ID 18,28 and clinically meaningful long-term weight loss (18–24 mos.)15,16 in adults with ID using the eSLD approach.”
From A cooking skills intervention for long-term weight loss in young adults with intellectual disabilities: Rationale and design for a randomized trial (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
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Self-citationA new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals
Mifflin, M., St Jeor, S., Hill, L., Scott, B., Daugherty, S., & Koh, Y. (1990) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.2.241 · Cited by 2,544 · cited 5× · see citing works
“For example, baseline daily energy intake (~ 1,800 kcal/day) likely represents a significant underestimate considering that estimated resting energy expenditure in our sample would be ~ 1,800 kcal/day (Mifflin et al., 1990).”
InfluentialGardner, C. D., Kiazand, A., Alhassan, S., Kim, S., Stafford, R. S., Balise, R. R., Kraemer, H. C., & King, A. C. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.969 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Efficacy of Commercial Weight-Loss Programs: An Updated Systematic Review
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A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of meal replacements for weight loss
Astbury, N. M., Piernas, C., Hartmann‐Boyce, J., Lapworth, S., Aveyard, P., & Jebb, S. A. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12816 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Ptomey, L. T., Danon, J. C., Catley, D., Washburn, R. A., Bodde, A., Diaz, F. J., Helsel, B. C., Rice, A. M., Sherman, J. R., Koester, M., et al. (2026) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2026.108380
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ptomey, L. T., Saunders, R. R., Saunders, M., Washburn, R. A., Mayo, M. S., Sullivan, D. K., Gibson, C. A., Goetz, J. R., Honas, J. J., Willis, E. A., Danon, J. C., Krebill, R., & Donnelly, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Internal Medicine The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA
- The Schiefelbusch Institute for Lifespan Studies The University of Kansas‐Lawrence Lawrence KS USA
- Department of Biostatistics The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA
- Department of Internal Medicine The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA
- ORCID
- Ptomey, Lauren T
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-03-23
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 82-96
- ISSN
- 1360-2322
- 1468-3148
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK83539)
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