The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disparities in Mental Health Service Use of Racial and Ethnic Minority Elderly Adults
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To apply the I nstitute of M edicine definition of healthcare disparities, to measure disparities in different aspects of episodes of mental health care and to identify disparities in types of mental health services used. Design: Four 2‐year longitudinal datasets from Panels 9 to 13 (2004–2009) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were combined. Setting: Large‐scale surveys of families and individuals and their medical providers across the United States. Participants: One thousand six hundred fifty‐eight participants (981 white, 303 black, and 374 Latino) aged 60 and older with probable mental healthcare needs. Measurements: Mental healthcare need was defined as a Kessler‐6 Scale score >12 and a Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 score >2. Five aspects of mental healthcare episodes were analyzed: treatment initiation, adequacy of care, duration of care, number of visits, and expenditures. Whether episodes of care included only prescription drug fills, only outpatient visits, or both was assessed. Results: Treatment initiation and adequacy were lower for blacks and Latinos than whites. Latinos experienced episodes of longer duration, more visits, and higher expenditures. Blacks and Latinos had significantly lower rates of episodes that consisted of only medication refills. Blacks had significantly greater rates of episodes with only outpatient care visits. Latinos had significantly higher rates of medication plus outpatient visits. Conclusion: Low mental health treatment initiation and poor adequacy suggest the need for culturally appropriate interventions to engage older blacks and Latinos in mental health care. The surprising findings in blacks (higher rates of outpatient care visits) and Latinos (higher rates of medication plus outpatient visits) highlight the complexities of the older adult population and suggest new avenues for disparities research.
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“Traditional approaches that address disability in clinical or primary care contexts have failed to reduce disparities in treatment access (14) and quality of care (16).”
From Effectiveness of a Disability Preventive Intervention for Minority and Immigrant Elders: The Positive Minds-Strong Bodies Randomized Clinical Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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WARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392 · cited 1×
“It has been shown to be effective in distinguishing individuals with mental illness from those without.(27) Fourth, the self-reported mental health (SRMH) measure is predictive of psychological distress, depressed mood, and functioning(28) and is related to psychiatric symptoms and diagnosed mental illness.”
BackgroundKESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327 · cited 1×
“The first scale is the Kessler 6 Scale (K6) for psychological distress.(23) The K6 scale has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 89%(23) and can discriminate Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) cases from noncases with consistency across sociodemographic subsamples.”
BackgroundUnequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5843 · Cited by 7,043
The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000093487.78664.3c · Cited by 6,359
Capps, L. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2487-b · Cited by 4,558
'Vascular Depression' Hypothesis
Alexopoulos, G. S. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006 · Cited by 1,843
Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis
de Groot, M., Anderson, R., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200107000-00015 · Cited by 1,799
FURUKAWA, T. A., KESSLER, R. C., SLADE, T., & ANDREWS, G. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006700 · Cited by 1,570 · cited 1×
“The K6 scale has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 89%(23) and can discriminate Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) cases from noncases with consistency across sociodemographic subsamples.(24) Second, the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2)(25) scale for detec…”
BackgroundGilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y · Cited by 1,290 · cited 1×
“Second, the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2)(25) scale for detecting depression demonstrates strong sensitivity (87%) and specificity (78%) for major depressive disorder in an ethnically diverse outpatient population.(26) Third, the mental health component of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item ShortForm S…”
BackgroundRacism and Mental Health: The African American experience
R. Williams, D., & Williams-Morris, R. (2000) · Ethnicity & Health · doi:10.1080/713667453 · Cited by 1,040 · cited 1×
“As a result, blacks have shown a preference for counseling over medications.(49,50) Consistent with these previous studies, the current study found that whites had a higher probability of episodes with only psychotropic medication fills than blacks and that episodes of care for blacks were more likely to include only…”
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Beck AT, BDI‐II, Beck Depression Inventory: Manual
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Sorted by citations
Rosenfield, S., & Mouzon, D. M. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_14 · Cited by 592
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_25 · Cited by 314
Mental health care among blacks in America: Confronting racism and constructing solutions
Alang, S. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13115 · Cited by 266
Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among racial/ethnic older adults in primary care
Jimenez, D. E., Bartels, S. J., Cárdenas, V., & Alegria, M. M. (2013) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3928 · Cited by 163
Self-citationAssessing the Individual, Neighborhood, and Policy Predictors of Disparities in Mental Health Care
Cook, B. L., Zuvekas, S. H., Chen, J., Progovac, A. M., & Lincoln, A. K. (2016) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558716646898 · Cited by 94
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Jimenez, D. E., Cook, B., Bartels, S. J., & Alegría, M.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
- Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research Cambridge Health Alliance Somerville Massachusetts USA
- Corresponding author
- Jimenez, Daniel E.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-18
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-25
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC3545089
- OpenAlex
- W2073417746
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- mental health care disparities, racial and ethnic minorities, older adults, Black older adults, Latino older adults, treatment initiation, duration of care, mental health care costs, outpatient visits, psychotropic drugs, culturally sensitive interventions, mental health service utilization
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ethnicity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Minority Groups, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Health Care Surveys, Racial Groups, Healthcare Disparities
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