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Cited by 33Birth, Development, and HealthGestational Diabetes Research and ManagementPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

Early Life Programming of Health and Disease: The Long-Term Consequences of Obesity in Pregnancy

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Langley‐Evans, Simon C.·2022·Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI 10.1111/jhn.13023PMC PMC9540012
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Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and, among young women, it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth or die themselves during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that, in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme foetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, as well as record linkage studies, demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in foetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs, including the brain, kidney and pancreas.

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  • Obesity predisposes newborns to an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood, such as hypertension, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

    “Obesity, in addition to increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, mainly represented by obstetric complications caused by excessive fetal growth, also has the capacity to predispose newborns to an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood, such as hypertension, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia [3,72].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [72]

    The ‘Maternal obesity and the programming of disease’ section reports increased obesity risk in young adult offspring and increased type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in adults. It reports raised blood pressure and dyslipidaemia in 13-year-old offspring, but does not establish hypertension or dyslipidaemia as adult outcomes of maternal obesity. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Langley‐Evans, S. C.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Langley‐Evans, Simon C.
ORCID
Langley‐Evans, Simon C.
Venue
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-05-10
Volume
35
Issue
5
Pages
816-832
ISSN
  • 0952-3871 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-277X
DOI
10.1111/jhn.13023
PMC
PMC9540012
OpenAlex
W4225013638
Cited by
33
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2
FWCI
1.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords
maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, developmental origins of health and disease, fetal programming, gestational diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pregnancy complications, stillbirth
MeSH terms
Pregnancy in Obesity, Obesity, Maternal, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Obesity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Overweight

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