Plant xylem hydraulics: What we understand, current research, and future challenges
Open accessAbstract
Herein we review the current state‐of‐the‐art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connection with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade‐offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally, we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
After crossing several barriers, such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and Casparian strip via the apoplastic pathway, contaminants can be transported upward through the xylem into various tissues of the shoots and leaves.
“After crossing several barriers, such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and Casparian strip via the apoplastic pathway, the contaminants can be transported upward through the xylem into the various tissues of the shoots and leaves (Song et al. 2017;Venturas et al. 2017).”
From Sustainable management of post-phytoremediation biomass (2025) · cites this paper as Venturas et al. 2017
In “Physics and Anatomy of Water Transport in Plants” (page unavailable), the paper says the Casparian strip blocks apoplastic flow at the root endodermis and forces water across cell membranes—the opposite of crossing that barrier via the apoplastic pathway. It describes upward water transport, but the cited passages do not establish that contaminants reach shoots and leaves by this route. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
(2014) · doi:10.1201/b17118 · Cited by 57,706 · see citing works
A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species
Farquhar, G. D., von Caemmerer, S., & Berry, J. A. (1980) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00386231 · Cited by 8,796 · see citing works
Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., Hogg, E. H. (., et al. (2010) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001 · Cited by 7,763 · see citing works
Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap
Tyree, M. T., & Zimmermann, M. H. (2002) · Springer series in wood science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04931-0 · Cited by 3,195 · see citing works
Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought
Choat, B., Jansen, S., Brodribb, T. J., Cochard, H., Delzon, S., Bhaskar, R., Bucci, S. J., Feild, T. S., Gleason, S. M., Hacke, U. G., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11688 · Cited by 2,789 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought.
Breshears, D., Cobb, N., Rich, P., Price, K., Allen, C., Balice, R., Romme, W. H., Kastens, J., Floyd, M., Belnap, J., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505734102 · Cited by 2,278 · see citing works
Phase behaviour of metastable water
Poole, P. H., Sciortino, F., Essmann, U., et al. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360324a0 · Cited by 1,892 · see citing works
The relationship between liquid, supercooled and glassy water
Mishima, O., & Stanley, H. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/24540 · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
Hacke, U. G., Sperry, J. S., Pockman, W. T., et al. (2001) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420100628 · Cited by 1,625 · see citing works
Self-citationXylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap
Zimmermann, M. H. (1983) · Springer series in wood science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-22627-8 · Cited by 1,578 · see citing works
International Tables of the Surface Tension of Water
Vargaftik, N. B., Volkov, B., & Voljak, L. D. (1983) · Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data · doi:10.1063/1.555688 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models
Anderegg, W. R. L., Schwalm, C. R., Biondi, F., Camarero, J. J., Koch, G. W., Litvak, M. E., Ogle, K., Shaw, J. D., Shevliakova, E., Williams, P., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab1833 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Une nouvelle méthode pour la mesure du flux de sève brute dans le tronc des arbres
GRANIER, A. (1985) · Annales des Sciences Forestières · doi:10.1051/forest:19850204 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem
Sperry, J. S., Donnelly, J. R., & Tyree, M. T. (1988) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1988.tb01774.x · Cited by 1,122 · see citing works
Self-citationKoch, G. W., Sillett, S. C., Jennings, G. M., & Davis, S. D. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02417 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Transpiration in the global water cycle
Schlesinger, W. H., & Jasechko, S. (2014) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.011 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Stomatal function in relation to leaf metabolism and environment.
Cowan, I. R., & Farquhar, G. D. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Anderegg, W. R. L., Klein, T., Bartlett, M., Sack, L., Pellegrini, A. F. A., Choat, B., & Jansen, S. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525678113 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
Tyree, M. T., & Sperry, J. S. (1988) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.88.3.574 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Self-citationHow do trees die? A test of the hydraulic failure and carbon starvation hypotheses
Sevanto, S. A., McDowell, N. G., Dickman, L. T., Pangle, R. E., & Pockman, W. T. (2013) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12141 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Functional and ecological xylem anatomy
Hacke, U. G., & Sperry, J. S. (2001) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1078/1433-8319-00017 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Self-citationLimitation of plant water use by rhizosphere and xylem conductance: results from a model
Sperry, J. S., Adler, F. R., Campbell, G. S., et al. (1998) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00287.x · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions F
Lucas, W. J., Groover, A. T., Lichtenberger, R., Furuta, K. M., Yadav, S. R., Helariutta, Y., He, X., Fukuda, H., Kang, J., Brady, S. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.12041 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanism of Water Stress-Induced Xylem Embolism
Sperry, J. S., & Tyree, M. T. (1988) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.88.3.581 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Self-citationGleason, S. M., Westoby, M., Jansen, S., et al. (2015) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13646 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Scaling of angiosperm xylem structure with safety and efficiency
Hacke, U. G., Sperry, J. S., Wheeler, J. K., et al. (2006) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/26.6.689 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Self-citationSize and function in conifer tracheids and angiosperm vessels
Sperry, J. S., Hacke, U. G., & Pittermann, J. (2006) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.93.10.1490 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Self-citationThe roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a widespread climate-induced forest die-off
Anderegg, W. R. L., Berry, J. A., Smith, D. D., Sperry, J. S., Anderegg, L. D. L., & Field, C. B. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107891109 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Self-citationDeath from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation
Rowland, L. M., da Costa, A. C. L., Galbraith, D. R., Oliveira, R. S., Binks, O. J., de Oliveira, A. A. R., Pullen, A. M., Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Vasconcelos, S. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15539 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Aquaporins: Highly Regulated Channels Controlling Plant Water Relations
Chaumont, F., & Tyerman, S. D. (2014) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.113.233791 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Physiological mechanisms of drought‐induced tree mortality are far from being resolved
Sala, A., Piper, F. I., & Hoch, G. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03167.x · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Wheeler, J. K., Sperry, J. S., Hacke, U. G., et al. (2005) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01330.x · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of whole-plant water use studies in tree
Wullschleger, S. D., Meinzer, F. C., & Vertessy, R. (1998) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/18.8-9.499 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Pammenter, N. W., & der Willigen, C. V. (1998) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/18.8-9.589 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity
van Bel, A. J. E. (2003) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00963.x · Cited by 589 · see citing works
The transpiration of water at negative pressures in a synthetic tree
Wheeler, T. D., & Stroock, A. D. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07226 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Genomics-based approaches to improve drought tolerance of crops
Tuberosa, R., & Salvi, S. (2006) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.003 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Measurement of Sap Flow in Conifers by Heat Transport.
Marshall, D. C. (1958) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.33.6.385 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Genetic and genomic tools to improve drought tolerance in wheat
Fleury, D., Jefferies, S. P., Kuchel, H., & Langridge, P. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erq152 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Hydraulic architecture of some diffuse-porous trees
Zimmermann, M. H. (1978) · Canadian Journal of Botany · doi:10.1139/b78-274 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Evolution of Water Transport and Xylem Structure
Sperry, J. S. (2003) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/368398 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Self-citationHydrogel Control of Xylem Hydraulic Resistance in Plants
Zwieniecki, M. A., Melcher, P. J., & Holbrook, N. M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057175 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Lens, F., Sperry, J. S., Christman, M. A., et al. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03518.x · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between xylem conduit diameter and cavitation caused by freezing
Davis, S. D., Sperry, J. S., & Hacke, U. G. (1999) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.2307/2656919 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationSperry, J. S., & Sullivan, J. E. M. (1992) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.100.2.605 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat plant hydraulics can tell us about responses to climate‐change droughts
Sperry, J. S., & Love, D. M. (2015) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13354 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Self-citationSperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Anderegg, W. R. L., et al. (2016) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12852 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationDo Xylem Fibers Affect Vessel Cavitation Resistance?
Jacobsen, A. L., Ewers, F. W., Pratt, R. B., et al. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.058404 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views
Steudle, E. (2000) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1026439226716 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Intra‐ and inter‐plant variation in xylem cavitation in Betula occidentalis
Sperry, J. S., & Saliendra, N. Z. (1994) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02021.x · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Self-citationWheeler, J. K., Huggett, B. A., Tofte, A. N., et al. (2013) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12139 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Liquids at Large Negative Pressures: Water at the Homogeneous Nucleation Limit
Zheng, Q., Durben, D. J., Wolf, G. H., et al. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.254.5033.829 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Stomatal control of xylem embolism
Jones, H. G., & Sutherland, R. A. (1991) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01532.x · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage
Anderegg, W. R. L., Flint, A. L., Huang, C., Flint, L. E., Berry, J. A., Davis, F. W., Sperry, J. S., & Field, C. B. (2015) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2400 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluating theories of drought‐induced vegetation mortality using a multimodel–experiment framework
McDowell, N. G., Fisher, R. A., Xu, C., Domec, J., Hölttä, T., Mackay, D. S., Sperry, J. S., Boutz, A. L., Dickman, L. T., Gehres, N., et al. (2013) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12465 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Self-citationMethods for measuring plant vulnerability to cavitation: a critical review
Cochard, H., Badel, É., Herbette, S., Delzon, S., Choat, B., & Jansen, S. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/ert193 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Li, S., Assmann, S. M., & Albert, R. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040312 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Brodersen, C. R., McElrone, A. J., Choat, B., et al. (2010) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.162396 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Dixon, H. H., & Joly, J. (1895) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B ) · doi:10.1098/rstb.1895.0012 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Anderegg, W. R. L. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12907 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Refilling embolized xylem conduits: Is it a matter of phloem unloading?
Nardini, A., Gullo, M. A. L., & Salleo, S. (2011) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.12.011 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Anderegg, W. R. L., Plavcová, L., Anderegg, L. D. L., Hacke, U. G., Berry, J. A., & Field, C. B. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12100 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationLimiting Negative Pressure of Water
Briggs, L. J. (1950) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1699741 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Water‐stress‐induced xylem embolism in three species of conifers
Sperry, J. S., & Tyree, M. T. (1990) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01319.x · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegration of activity in the higher plant.
Loomis, R. L., Luo, Y., & Kooman, P. L. (1990) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Tyree, M. T., Patiño, S., Bennink, J., et al. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/46.1.83 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
An ecophysiological and developmental perspective on variation in vessel diameter
Hacke, U. G., Spicer, R., Schreiber, S. G., & Plavcová, L. (2016) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12777 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationJansen, S., Choat, B., & Pletsers, A. (2009) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.0800248 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Maintenance of xylem Network Transport Capacity: A Review of Embolism Repair in Vascular Plants
Brodersen, C. R., & McElrone, A. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00108 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Cavitation Fatigue. Embolism and Refilling Cycles Can Weaken the Cavitation Resistance of Xylem
Hacke, U. G., Stiller, V., Sperry, J. S., et al. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.2.779 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimal stomatal behavior with competition for water and risk of hydraulic impairment
Wolf, A., Anderegg, W. R. L., & Pacala, S. W. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1615144113 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Use of Positive Pressures to Establish Vulnerability Curves
Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P., & Tyree, M. T. (1992) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.100.1.205 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Evaluation of a new centrifuge technique for rapid generation of xylem vulnerability curves
Cochard, H., Damour, G., Bodet, C., et al. (2005) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00526.x · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Use of centrifugal force in the study of xylem cavitation
Alder, N. N., Pockman, W. T., Sperry, J. S., & Nuismer, S. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/48.3.665 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationSustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem
Pockman, W. T., Sperry, J. S., & O’Leary, J. W. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378715a0 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationRefilling of Embolized Vessels in Young Stems of Laurel. Do We Need a New Paradigm?1
Tyree, M. T., Salleo, S., Nardini, A., et al. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.120.1.11 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Powell, T. L., Galbraith, D. R., Christoffersen, B., Harper, A., Imbuzeiro, H. M. A., Rowland, L. M., de Almeida, S. S., Brando, P. M., da Costa, A. C. L., Costa, M. H., et al. (2013) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12390 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Drought‐induced leaf shedding in walnut: evidence for vulnerability segmentation
Tyree, M. T., Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P., et al. (1993) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00511.x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Embolism Repair and Xylem Tension: Do We Need a Miracle?1
Holbrook, N. M., & Zwieniecki, M. A. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.120.1.7 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Towards understanding resprouting at the global scale
Pausas, J. G., Pratt, R. B., Keeley, J. E., Jacobsen, A. L., Ramirez, A. R., Vilagrosa, A., Paula, S., Kaneakua, I. N., & Davis, S. D. (2015) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13644 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Xylem hydraulic physiology: The functional backbone of terrestrial plant productivity
Brodribb, T. J. (2009) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.001 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Spring Filling of Xylem Vessels in Wild Grapevine
Sperry, J. S., Holbrook, N. M., Zimmermann, M. H., & Tyree, M. T. (1987) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.83.2.414 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationDelzon, S., DOUTHE, C., Sala, A., et al. (2010) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02208.x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Mechanical reinforcement of tracheids compromises the hydraulic efficiency of conifer xylem
Pittermann, J., Sperry, J. S., Wheeler, J. K., et al. (2006) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01539.x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cohesion-Tension theory of sap ascent: current controversies
Tyree, M. T. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/48.10.1753 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
In Vivo Observation of Cavitation and Embolism Repair Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging,
Holbrook, N. M., Ahrens, E. T., Burns, M. J., et al. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.126.1.27 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The hydraulic conductance of the angiosperm leaf lamina: a comparison of three measurement methods
Sack, L. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erf069 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of end wall resistivity in xylem conduits
Sperry, J. S., Hacke, U. G., & Wheeler, J. K. (2005) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01287.x · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationPlant vascular development: from early specification to differentiation
Rybel, B. D., Mähönen, A. P., Helariutta, Y., & Weijers, D. (2015) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2015.6 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
CAVITATION RESISTANCE AMONG 26 CHAPARRAL SPECIES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., Ewers, F. W., & Davis, S. D. (2007) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/05-1879 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Genome duplication and the evolution of physiological responses to water stress
Maherali, H., Walden, A. E., & Husband, B. C. (2009) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02997.x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Outside-Xylem Vulnerability, Not Xylem Embolism, Controls Leaf Hydraulic Decline during Dehydration
Scoffoni, C., Albuquerque, C., Brodersen, C. R., Townes, S. V., John, G. P., Bartlett, M. K., Buckley, T. N., McElrone, A. J., & Sack, L. (2017) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.16.01643 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
DIFFERENCES IN DROUGHT ADAPTATION BETWEEN SUBSPECIES OF SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA)
Kolb, K. J., & Sperry, J. S. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2373:didabs]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationTracheid diameter is the key trait determining the extent of freezing-induced embolism in conifers
Pittermann, J., & Sperry, J. S. (2003) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/23.13.907 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relevance of xylem network structure for plant hydraulic efficiency and safety
Loepfe, L., Martínez‐Vilalta, J., Piñol, J., & Mencuccini, M. (2007) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.03.036 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Salleo, S., Gullo, M. A. L., Trifilò, P., et al. (2004) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01211.x · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Pickard, W. F. (1981) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0079-6107(82)90023-2 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Analysis of circular bordered pit function II. Gymnosperm tracheids with torus‐margo pit membranes
Hacke, U. G., Sperry, J. S., & Pittermann, J. (2004) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.386 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationSalleo, S., GULLO, M. A. L., PAOLI, D. D., et al. (1996) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04507.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Modelling stomatal conductance in response to environmental factors
Buckley, T. N., & Mott, K. A. (2013) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12140 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Xylem Wall Collapse in Water-Stressed Pine Needles
Cochard, H., Froux, F., Mayr, S., et al. (2004) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.028357 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Delzon, S., & Cochard, H. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12798 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Choat, B., Ball, M. C., Luly, J., et al. (2003) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.014100 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Pragmatic hydraulic theory predicts stomatal responses to climatic water deficits
Sperry, J. S., Wang, Y., Wolfe, B. T., Mackay, D. S., Anderegg, W. R. L., McDowell, N. G., & Pockman, W. T. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14059 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationConflicting demands on angiosperm xylem: Tradeoffs among storage, transport and biomechanics
Pratt, R. B., & Jacobsen, A. L. (2016) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12862 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Nobel, P. S. (1991) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb01022.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Lamy, J., Delzon, S., Bouche, P. S., Alı́a, R., VENDRAMIN, G. G., Cochard, H., & Plomion, C. (2013) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12556 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Pfautsch, S., Renard, J., Tjoelker, M. G., et al. (2015) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.114.254581 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Wolfe, B. T., Sperry, J. S., & Kursar, T. A. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14087 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationDrought-induced vegetation shifts in terrestrial ecosystems: The key role of regeneration dynamics
Martínez‐Vilalta, J., & Lloret, F. (2016) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.07.009 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Pittermann, J., & Sperry, J. S. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.105.067900 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationRevealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress
Brodribb, T. J., Bienaimé, D., & Marmottant, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1522569113 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
A broad survey of hydraulic and mechanical safety in the xylem of conifers
Bouche, P. S., Larter, M., Domec, J., Burlett, R., Gasson, P., Jansen, S., & Delzon, S. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/eru218 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Ruiz, J. M. T., Jansen, S., Choat, B., et al. (2014) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.114.249706 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Torus-Margo Pits Help Conifers Compete with Angiosperms
Pittermann, J., Sperry, J. S., Hacke, U. G., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120479 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationHacke, U. G., & Sauter, J. J. (1996) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00330005 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationPittermann, J., Sperry, J. S., Hacke, U. G., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.93.9.1265 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationWater ascent in tall trees: does evolution of land plants rely on a highly metastable state?
Zimmermann, U., Schneider, H. U., Wegner, L. H., & Haase, A. (2004) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01083.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Wortemann, R., Herbette, S., Barigah, T. S., et al. (2011) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpr101 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Rare pits, large vessels and extreme vulnerability to cavitation in a ring‐porous tree species
Christman, M. A., Sperry, J. S., & Smith, D. D. (2011) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03984.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationYANG, S., & Tyree, M. T. (1992) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01005.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Nanobubbles: a new paradigm for air-seeding in xylem
Schenk, H. J., Steppe, K., & Jansen, S. (2015) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.01.008 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The mechanism of water‐stress‐induced embolism in two species of chaparral shrubs
JARBEAU, J. A., Ewers, F. W., & Davis, S. D. (1995) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00352.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Xylem development – from the cradle to the grave
Růžička, K., Ursache, R., Hejátko, J., & Helariutta, Y. (2015) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13383 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Salleo, S., Trifilò, P., Esposito, S., et al. (2009) · Functional Plant Biology · doi:10.1071/fp09103 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Water Stress Deforms Tracheids Peripheral to the Leaf Vein of a Tropical Conifer
Brodribb, T. J., & Holbrook, N. M. (2005) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.058156 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Pivovaroff, A. L., Sack, L., & Santiago, L. S. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12850 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
McCulloh, K. A., Sperry, J. S., Lachenbruch, B., et al. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03181.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationHacke, U. G., Plavcová, L., Almeida‐Rodriguez, A. M., King-Jones, S., Zhou, W., & Cooke, J. E. K. (2010) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpq058 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationHao, G., Lucero, M. E., Sanderson, S. C., et al. (2012) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12051 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Whole-plant hydraulic resistance and vulnerability segmentation in Acer saccharinum
Tsuda, M., & Tyree, M. T. (1997) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/17.6.351 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Lamy, J., Bouffier, L., Burlett, R., Plomion, C., Cochard, H., & Delzon, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023476 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Hydraulic functioning of tree stems—fusing ray anatomy, radial transfer and capacitance
Pfautsch, S., Hölttä, T., & Mencuccini, M. (2015) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpv058 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Testing the ‘rare pit’ hypothesis for xylem cavitation resistance in three species of Acer
Christman, M. A., Sperry, J. S., & Adler, F. R. (2009) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02776.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationVessel contents during transpiration—embolisms and refilling
Canny, M. J. (1997) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.2307/2446046 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Yang, S., & Tyree, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/45.2.179 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Pratt, R. B., Jacobsen, A. L., Ramirez, A. R., Helms, A. M., Traugh, C. A., Tobin, M. F., Heffner, M. S., & Davis, S. D. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12477 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Choat, B., Brodersen, C. R., & McElrone, A. J. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13110 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cochard, H., Bodet, C., Améglio, T., et al. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.124.3.1191 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Sperry, J. S. (1986) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.80.1.110 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in pit membrane porosity due to deflection and stretching: the role of vestured pits
Choat, B., Jansen, S., Zwieniecki, M. A., et al. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erh173 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
E stimating volume flow rates through xylem conduits
Lewis, A. M., & Boose, E. R. (1995) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb11581.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Michaletz, S. T., Johnson, E. A., & Tyree, M. T. (2012) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04021.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Hydraulic failure and repair are not routine in trees
Cochard, H., & Delzon, S. (2013) · Annals of Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s13595-013-0317-5 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A global analysis of xylem vessel length in woody plants
Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., Tobin, M. F., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.1200140 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cochard, H., Herbette, S., Barigah, T. S., et al. (2010) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02163.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
A Gauge to Measure Mass Flow Rate of Sap in Stems and Trunks of Woody Plants
Steinberg, S., van Bavel, C. H. M., & McFarland, M. J. (1989) · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science · doi:10.21273/jashs.114.3.466 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Automated analysis of three‐dimensional xylem networks using high‐resolution computed tomography
Brodersen, C. R., Lee, E. F., Choat, B., et al. (2011) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03754.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Buckley, T. N., Sack, L., & Farquhar, G. D. (2016) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12823 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Xylem Surfactants Introduce a New Element to the Cohesion-Tension Theory
Schenk, H. J., Espino, S., Romo, D. M., et al. (2016) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.16.01039 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Intercontinental Spread and Continuing Evolution of the Dutch Elm Disease Pathogens
Brasier, C. M. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4507-1_4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Rice, K. J., Matzner, S. L., Byer, W., & Brown, J. R. (2004) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1503-9 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Corcuera, L., Cochard, H., Gil‐Pelegrín, E., et al. (2011) · Trees · doi:10.1007/s00468-011-0578-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Transport constraints on water use by the Great Basin shrub, Artemisia tridentata
Kolb, & Sperry (1999) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00458.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Ecological implications of xylem cavitation for several Pinaceae in the Pacific Northern USA
Piñol, J., & Sala, A. (2000) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.t01-1-00451.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Cochard, H., Ewers, F. W., & Tyree, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/45.8.1085 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Crombie, D. S., Hipkins, M. F., & Milburn, J. (1985) · Australian Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1071/pp9850445 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Langan, S., Ewers, F. W., & Davis, S. D. (1997) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-94.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
New evidence for large negative xylem pressures and their measurement by the pressure chamber method
Sperry, J. S., Saliendra, N. Z., Pockman, W. T., et al. (1996) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00334.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, S., & Tyree, M. T. (1993) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/12.3.231 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Hubbard, R. M., Rhoades, C. C., Elder, K. J., & Negrón, J. F. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.028 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Bordered Pit Structure and Vessel Wall Surface Properties. Implications for Embolism Repair
Zwieniecki, M. A., & Holbrook, N. M. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.123.3.1015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Kitin, P., Voelker, S. L., Meinzer, F. C., et al. (2010) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.156224 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
McCully, M. E. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.119.3.1001 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
A method for measuring xylem hydraulic conductance and embolism in entire root and shoot systems
Kolb, K. J., Sperry, J. S., & Lamont, B. B. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/47.11.1805 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationPérez-Donoso, A. G., Sun, Q., Roper, M. C., Greve, L. C., Kirkpatrick, B. C., & Labavitch, J. M. (2010) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.148791 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Sperry, J. S., Christman, M. A., Ruiz, J. M. T., et al. (2011) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02439.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationStudies on the release of sugar into the vessels of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum )
Sauter, J. J., Iten, W., & Zimmermann, M. H. (1973) · Canadian Journal of Botany · doi:10.1139/b73-001 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Transpiration and the ascent of sap in plants
Dixon, H. H., & Dixon, H. H. (1914) · Macmillan and Co. Limited eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.1943 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Repeated freeze?thaw cycles induce embolism in drought stressed conifers (Norway spruce, stone pine)
Mayr, S., Gruber, A., & Bauer, H. (2003) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-003-0997-4 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Plavcová, L., Hacke, U. G., Almeida‐Rodriguez, A. M., Li, E., & Douglas, C. J. (2012) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02566.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationPereira, L., Bittencourt, P., Oliveira, R. S., et al. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13905 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Venturas, M. D., MacKinnon, E. D., Dario, H., Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., & Davis, S. D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159145 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationMackay, D. S., Roberts, D. E., Ewers, B. E., et al. (2015) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1002/2015wr017244 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Water-Stress-Induced Cavitation in Conifers
Cochard, H., Hölttä, T., Herbette, S., et al. (2009) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.138305 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Observations on Functional Wood Histology of Vines and Lianas
Carlquist, S. (1985) · Aliso · doi:10.5642/aliso.19851102.03 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
WANG, R., ZHANG, L., Zhang, S., et al. (2014) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12315 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Direct measurements of intervessel pit membrane hydraulic resistance in two angiosperm tree species
Choat, B., Brodie, T. W., Cobb, A. R., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.93.7.993 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sack, L., & Scoffoni, C. (2012) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/4179 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hacke, U. G., Venturas, M. D., MacKinnon, E. D., et al. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13017 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin-StPaul, N. K., Longepierre, D., Huc, R., et al. (2014) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/tpu059 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Trifilò, P., Raimondo, F., Gullo, M. A. L., et al. (2014) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.12313 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Root‐soil contact for the desert succulent Agave deserti in wet and drying soil
North, G. B., & Nobel, P. S. (1997) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00620.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Winter at the Alpine Timberline. Why Does Embolism Occur in Norway Spruce But Not in Stone Pine?
Mayr, S., Schwienbacher, F., & Bauer, H. (2003) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.011452 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Christman, M. A., & Sperry, J. S. (2009) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02094.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationJacobsen, A. L., & Pratt, R. B. (2012) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04118.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
López, R., Cano, F. J., Choat, B., Cochard, H., & Gil, L. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00769 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Knipfer, T., Cuneo, I. F., Brodersen, C. R., & McElrone, A. J. (2016) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.16.00136 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Ultrasound acoustic emissions from dehydrating leaves of deciduous and evergreen trees
Kikuta, S. B., Gullo, M. A. L., Nardini, A., Richter, H., & Salleo, S. (1997) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-34.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cavitation and Its Discontents: Opportunities for Resolving Current Controversies
Rockwell, F. E., Wheeler, J. K., & Holbrook, N. M. (2014) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.113.233817 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
López, R., de Heredia, U. L., Collada, C., Cano, F. J., Emerson, B. C., Cochard, H., & Gil, L. (2013) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mct084 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Plant hydraulics improves and topography mediates prediction of aspen mortality in southwestern USA
Tai, X., Mackay, D. S., Anderegg, W. R. L., Sperry, J. S., & Brooks, P. D. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14098 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationMelcher, P. J., Zwieniecki, M. A., & Holbrook, N. M. (2003) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.102.012856 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Calcerrada, J., Li, M., López, R., Cano, F. J., Oleksyn, J., Atkin, O. K., Pita, P., Aranda, I., & Gil, L. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14150 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cavitation fatigue and its reversal in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Stiller, V. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.371.1155 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Carlquist, S. (1985) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mayr, S., & Sperry, J. S. (2009) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03133.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Y., Sperry, J. S., Taneda, H., et al. (2007) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02272.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationThe refilling of embolized xylem in Pinus sylvestris L.
Borghetti, M., EDWARDS, W. R. N., Grace, J., et al. (1991) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb00944.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Taiz L, Zeiger E (2010) Water balance of plants. In: Taiz L, Zeiger E, ed. Plant Physiology. Fifth. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. pp. 85À105
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sustainable management of post-phytoremediation biomass
Mukherjee, S., Leri, A. C., Bandaranayaka, C., Vázquez-Núñez, E., Barros, R., Khan, A. H. A., Zhou, P., Zhang, T., Bernal, M. P., Clemente, R., et al. (2025) · Energy, Ecology and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40974-025-00364-w · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“After crossing several barriers, such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and Casparian strip via the apoplastic pathway, the contaminants can be transported upward through the xylem into the various tissues of the shoots and leaves (Song et al. 2017; Venturas et al. 2017).”
- Authors
- Venturas, M. D., Sperry, J. S., & Hacke, U. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Venturas, Martin D.
- Venue
- Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 356-389
- ISSN
- 0577-7496 (ISSN-L)
- 1672-9072
- 1744-7909
- OpenAlex
- W2597290300
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 281
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (IOS‐1450560)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Keywords
- plant water transport, xylem cavitation, vulnerability curves, aquaporins, stomatal response, drought mortality, climate change
- MeSH terms
- Models, Biological, Water, Xylem, Droughts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review