The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Osteoporosis: the evolution of a diagnosis
Abstract
The global trend towards increased longevity has resulted in ageing populations and a rise in diseases or conditions that primarily affect older persons. One such condition is osteoporosis (fragile or porous bones), which causes an increased fracture risk. Vertebral and hip fractures lead to increased morbidity and mortality and result in enormous healthcare costs. Here, we review the evolution of the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In an attempt to separate patients with normal bones from those with osteoporosis and to define the osteoporosis diagnosis, multiple factors and characteristics have been considered. These include pathology and histology of the disease, the endocrine regulation of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), fracture type or trauma severity, risk models for fracture prediction, and thresholds for pharmacological intervention. The femoral neck BMD −2.5 SD s cut‐off for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is arbitrarily chosen, and there is no evidence to support the notion that fracture location (except vertebral fractures) or severity is useful to discriminate osteoporotic from normal bones. Fracture risk models (including factors unrelated to bone) dissociate bone strength from the diagnosis, and treatment thresholds are often based on health‐economic considerations rather than bone properties. Vertebral fractures are a primary feature of osteoporosis, characterized by decreased bone mass, strength and quality, and a high risk of another such fracture that can be considerably reduced by treatment. We believe that the 2001 definition of osteoporosis by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis is still valid and useful: ‘Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture’.
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Citations
Cites
Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, D. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.6.785 · Cited by 5,529
Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Cosman, F., de Beur, S. J., LeBoff, M. S., Lewiecki, E. M., Tanner, B., Randall, S., & Lindsay, R. (2014) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2 · Cited by 4,149
Black, D. M., Cummings, S. R., Karpf, D. B., Cauley, J. A., Thompson, D. E., Nevitt, M. C., Bauer, D. C., Genant, H. K., Haskell, W. L., Marcus, R., et al. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07088-2 · Cited by 3,846
Self-citationEpidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures
Cummings, S. R., & Melton, L. J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08657-9 · Cited by 3,821
Self-citationMarshall, D., Johnell, O., & Wedel, H. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1254 · Cited by 3,709
Risk Factors for Hip Fracture in White Women
Cummings, S. R., Nevitt, M. C., Browner, W. S., Stone, K., Fox, K. M., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J., Black, D., & Vogt, T. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503233321202 · Cited by 3,595
Self-citationDenosumab for Prevention of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Cummings, S. R., Martin, J. S., McClung, M. R., Siris, E. S., Eastell, R., Reid, I. R., Delmas, P., Zoog, H. B., Austin, M., Wang, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0809493 · Cited by 3,489
Self-citationOnce-Yearly Zoledronic Acid for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Black, D. M., Delmas, P. D., Eastell, R., Reid, I. R., Boonen, S., Cauley, J. A., Cosman, F., Lakatos, P., Leung, P. C., Man, Z., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa067312 · Cited by 2,986
Self-citation(1994) · PubMed · Cited by 2,784
Osteoporosis: now and the future
Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S., & Hofbauer, L. C. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62349-5 · Cited by 2,696
Cited by
Mendelian randomization study of inflammatory bowel disease and bone mineral density
Wu, F., Huang, Y., Hu, J., & Shao, Z. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01778-5 · Cited by 404
Osteoporosis: current concepts
Akkawi, I., & Zmerly, H. (2018) · Joints · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660790 · Cited by 368
Nilsson, A. G., Sundh, D., Bäckhed, F., & Lorentzon, M. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12805 · Cited by 323
Self-citationCawthon, P. M., Travison, T. G., Manini, T. M., Patel, S., Pencina, K. M., Fielding, R. A., Magaziner, J. M., Newman, A. B., Brown, T., Kiel, D. P., et al. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz081 · Cited by 127
Self-citationFracture risk after gastric bypass surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Axelsson, K. F., Werling, M., Eliasson, B., Szabo, E., Näslund, I., Wedel, H., Lundh, D., & Lorentzon, M. (2018) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.3553 · Cited by 105
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lorentzon, M., & Cummings, S. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-25
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 650-661
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W1992414521
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 72
- FWCI
- 18.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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