Cited by 17Family Dynamics and RelationshipsMigration, Health and TraumaMigration, Refugees, and Integration

Parenting strain among Mexican-origin mothers: differences by parental legal status and neighborhood

Open access
Noah, Aggie J., Landale, Nancy S.·2018·Journal of Marriage and Family

Abstract

Despite increasing recognition of the critical importance of legal status for understanding the well‐being of immigrants and their families, there has been scant research on this topic. Using Wave 1 of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (2000–2002) and the 2000 decennial census, the authors investigated how parenting strain among Mexican‐origin mothers varies by legal status and neighborhood context. They found significant differences in parenting strain by nativity and legal status, with undocumented mothers reporting the lowest level. Results from multilevel models with cross‐level interactions reveal that the influence of neighborhood immigrant concentration differs by legal status. Percent foreign born in the neighborhood is associated with reduced parenting strain for documented Mexican‐origin mothers, whereas it is associated with heightened parenting strain for undocumented Mexican‐origin mothers. The findings provide empirical support for the need to recognize legal status distinctions in studies of the well‐being of immigrants and their families.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/jomf.12438

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Community level stigma toward migrants may adversely impact individuals' mental health.

    “Community level stigma toward migrants may also adversely impact individuals' mental health (37, 55).”

    From Deported Men's and Father's Perspective: The Impacts of Family Separation on Children and Families in the U.S. (2020) · cites this paper as [55]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) suggests that neighborhood conditions, including employer exploitation and police surveillance, may increase stress among undocumented immigrants. This supports the possibility of a community-level effect on well-being, but the paper does not identify community stigma toward migrants as the cause or establish an effect on mental health generally. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 64

  1. Abidin RR 1992 The Determinants of Parenting Behavior Journal of clinical child psychology 21 4 407 412 10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_12 · DOI
  2. Aisenberg E 2001 The Effects of Exposure to Community Violence upon Latina Mothers and Preschool Children Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 23 4 378 398 10.1177/0739986301234003 · DOI
  3. Bachmeier JD Van Hook J Bean FD 2014 Can We Measure Immigrants' Legal Status? Lessons from Two US Surveys International Migration Review 48 2 538 566 25525285 PMC4267286
  4. Belsky J 1984 The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model Child Development 55 1 83 96 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x 6705636 · DOI
  5. Brooks-Gunn J Duncan GJ Klebanov PK Sealand N 1993 Do Neighborhoods Influence Child and Adolescent Development? American Journal of Sociology 99 2 353 395 10.1086/230268 · DOI
  6. Burnam MA Hough RL Karno M Escobar JI Telles CA 1987 Acculturation and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans in Los Angeles Journal of health and social behavior 89 102 3571910
  7. Cadzow SP Armstrong KL Fraser JA 1999 Stressed parents with infants: reassessing physical abuse risk factors Child Abuse & Neglect 23 9 845 853 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00063-0 10505899 · DOI
  8. Cain DS Combs-Orme T 2005 Family Structure Effects on Parenting Stress and Practices in the African American Family Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 32 2 19 40
  9. Cardoso JB Dettlaff AJ Finno-Velasquez M Scott J Faulkner M 2014 Nativity and immigration status among Latino families involved in the child welfare system: Characteristics, risk, and maltreatment Children and Youth Services Review 44 0 189 200 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.06.008 · DOI
  10. Carpiano RM Kimbro RT 2012 Neighborhood Social Capital, Parenting Strain, and Personal Mastery among Female Primary Caregivers of Children Journal of health and social behavior 53 2 232 247 10.1177/0022146512445899 22660827 · DOI
  11. Ceballo R McLoyd VC 2002 Social Support and Parenting in Poor, Dangerous Neighborhoods Child Development 73 4 1310 1321 10.1111/1467-8624.00473 12146749 · DOI
  12. Cerrutti M Massey DS 2001 On the auspices of female migration from Mexico to the United States Demography 38 2 187 200 11392907
  13. Conger KJ Rueter MA Conger RD The role of economic pressure in the lives of parents and their adolescents: the family stress model Crockett LJ Silbereisen RK 2000 Negotiating adolescence in times of social change 201 223 New York Cambridge Unviersity Press
  14. Conger RD Wallace LE Sun Y Simons RL McLoyd VC Brody GH 2002 Economic pressure in African American families: A replication and extension of the family stress model Developmental Psychology 38 2 179 193 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.179 11881755 · DOI
  15. Cruz-Santiago M Ramirez Garcia JI 2011 “Hay Que Ponerse en los Zapatos del Joven”: Adaptive Parenting of Adolescent Children Among Mexican-American Parents Residing in a Dangerous Neighborhood Family process 50 1 92 114 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01348.x 21361926 · DOI
  16. Dreby J 2010 Divided by borders: Mexican migrants and their children Berkeley University of California Press
  17. Fuller B García Coll C 2010 Learning From Latinos: Contexts, Families, and Child Development in Motion Developmental Psychology 46 3 559 565 10.1037/a0019412 20438170 · DOI
  18. Glick JE 2010 Connecting Complex Processes: A Decade of Research on Immigrant Families Journal of Marriage and Family 72 3 498 515 PMC10135437 37124147
  19. Hall M Greenman E 2013 Housing and neighborhood quality among undocumented Mexican and Central American immigrants Social Science Research 42 6 1712 1725 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.07.011 24090862 PMC3860281 · DOI
  20. Hall M Stringfield J 2014 Undocumented migration and the residential segregation of Mexicans in new destinations Social Science Research 47 61 78 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.03.009 24913945 PMC4076790 · DOI
  21. Hill NE Herman-Stahl MA 2002 Neighborhood Safety and Social Involvement: Associations With Parenting Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms Among African American and Euro-American Mothers Journal of Family Psychology 16 2 209 219 10.1037/0893-3200.16.2.209 12085733 · DOI
  22. Huang CY Costeines J Kaufman JS Ayala C 2014 Parenting Stress, Social Support, and Depression for Ethnic Minority Adolescent Mothers: Impact on Child Development Journal of Child and Family Studies 23 2 255 262 24653641 PMC3956110
  23. Jackson JS Knight KM Rafferty JA 2010 Race and Unhealthy Behaviors: Chronic Stress, the HPA Axis, and Physical and Mental Health Disparities Over the Life Course American Journal of Public Health 100 5 933 939 19846689 PMC2853611
  24. Johnson DR Young R 2011 Toward Best Practices in Analyzing Datasets with Missing Data: Comparisons and Recommendations Journal of Marriage and Family 73 5 926 945 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00861.x · DOI
  25. Jones M Pebley AR 2014 Redefining neighborhoods using common destinations: Social characteristics of activity spaces and home census tracts compared Demography 51 3 727 752 24719273 PMC4048777
  26. Jung S Fuller B Galindo C 2012 Family Functioning and Early Learning Practices in Immigrant Homes Child Development 83 5 1510 1526 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01788.x 22966920 · DOI
  27. Klebanov PK Brooks-Gunn J Duncan GJ 1994 Does Neighborhood and Family Poverty Affect Mothers' Parenting, Mental Health, and Social Support? Journal of Marriage and Family 56 2 441 455
  28. Kotchick BA Dorsey S Heller L 2005 Predictors of Parenting among African American Single Mothers: Personal and Contextual Factors Journal of Marriage and Family 67 2 448 460 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00127.x · DOI
  29. Kotchick BA Forehand R 2002 Putting Parenting in Perspective: A Discussion of the Contextual Factors That Shape Parenting Practices Journal of Child and Family Studies 11 3 255 269 10.1023/A:1016863921662 · DOI
  30. Krieger N 2012 Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach American Journal of Public Health 102 5 936 945 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300544 22420803 PMC3484783 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Landale NS Hardie JH Oropesa R Hillemeier MM 2015 Behavioral Functioning among Mexican-origin Children Does Parental Legal Status Matter? Journal of health and social behavior 56 1 2 18 25722124 PMC4384812
  32. Landale NS Oropesa RS 2007 Hispanic Families: Stability and Change Annual Review of Sociology 33 1 381 405 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131655 · DOI
  33. Lee M-A 2009 Neighborhood residential segregation and mental health: A multilevel analysis on Hispanic Americans in Chicago Social science & medicine 68 11 1975 1984 19359082
  34. Livas-Dlott A Fuller B Stein GL Bridges M Mangual Figueroa A Mireles L 2010 Commands, Competence, and Cariño: Maternal Socialization Practices in Mexican American Families Developmental Psychology 46 3 566 578 10.1037/a0018016 20438171 · DOI
  35. Lyons-Ruth K Wolfe R Lyubchik A 2000 Depression and the parenting of young children: making the case for early preventive mental health services Harvard review of psychiatry 8 3 148 153 10973939
  36. Mahler SJ 1995 American dreaming: Immigrant life on the margins Princeton University Press
  37. Massey DS Bartley K 2005 The changing legal status distribution of immigrants: a caution International Migration Review 39 2 469 484
  38. McConnell ED 2008 The US destinations of contemporary Mexican immigrants International Migration Review 42 4 767 802 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00147.x · DOI
  39. McLoyd VC 1990 The Impact of Economic Hardship on Black Families and Children: Psychological Distress, Parenting, and Socioemotional Development Child Development 61 2 311 346 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02781.x 2188806 · DOI
  40. Menjívar C 2000 Fragmented ties: Salvadoran immigrant networks in America Univ of California Press
  41. Menjivar C Abrego L 2009 Parents and Children across Borders: Legal Instability and Intergenerational Relations in Guatemalan and Salvadoran Families Foner N Across Generations: Immigrant Families in America New York New York University Press
  42. Menjivar C Abrego LJ Schmalzbauer LC 2016 Immigrant families John Wiley & Sons
  43. Noah AJ 2015 'Putting families into place': Using neighborhood-effects research and activity spaces to understand families Journal of Family Theory and Review 7 4 452 467 26681979 PMC4677482
  44. Oropesa R Landale NS Hillemeier MM 2016 Searching for the Family Legal Status of Mexican-Origin Children: A Primer on Different Measurement Strategies Journal of Family Issues 0192513X16632264 PMC5568132 28845072
  45. Parcel TL Dufur MJ Cornell Zito R 2010 Capital at Home and at School: A Review and Synthesis Journal of Marriage and Family 72 4 828 846 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00733.x · DOI
  46. Pearlin LI 1989 The Sociological Study of Stress Journal of health and social behavior 30 3 241 256 2674272
  47. Perreira KM Chapman MV Stein GL 2006 Becoming an American Parent: Overcoming Challenges and Finding Strength in a New Immigrant Latino Community Journal of Family Issues 27 10 1383 1414 10.1177/0192513X06290041 · DOI
  48. Pinderhughes EE Dodge KA Bates JE Pettit GS Zelli A 2000 Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes Journal of Family Psychology 14 3 380 400 10.1037//0893-3200.14.3.380 11025931 PMC2759998 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Reese L 2002 Parental Strategies in Contrasting Cultural Settings: Families in Mexico and “El Norte” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 33 1 30
  50. Rodriguez-JenKins J 2014 Complex inequality: A contextual parenting framework for Latino infants Children and Youth Services Review 44 0 317 327 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.06.026 25132697 PMC4129391 · DOI
  51. Rodriguez-JenKins J Marcenko MO 2014 Parenting stress among child welfare involved families: Differences by child placement Children and Youth Services Review 46 0 19 27 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.024 26170514 PMC4498480 · DOI
  52. Roxburgh S Stephens RC Toltzis P Adkins I 2001 The Value of Children, Parenting Strains, and Depression among Urban African American Mothers Sociological Forum 16 1 55 72 10.2307/685029 · DOI
  53. Sampson RJ Raudenbush SW Earls F 1997 Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy Science 277 5328 918 924 10.1126/science.277.5328.918 9252316 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Takeuchi DT Alegría M Jackson JS Williams DR 2007 Immigration and Mental Health: Diverse Findings in Asian, Black, and Latino Populations American Journal of Public Health 97 1 11 12 10.2105/AJPH.2006.103911 17138903 PMC1716240 · DOI
  55. Vega W Ang A Rodriguez M Finch B 2011 Neighborhood Protective Effects on Depression in Latinos American Journal of Community Psychology 47 1/2 114 126 10.1007/s10464-010-9370-5 21052825 · DOI
  56. Viruell-Fuentes EA 2007 Beyond acculturation: Immigration, discrimination, and health research among Mexicans in the United States Social science & medicine 65 7 1524 1535 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.010 17602812 · DOI
  57. Viruell-Fuentes EA Miranda PY Abdulrahim S 2012 More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health Social science & medicine 75 12 2099 2106 22386617
  58. Viruell-Fuentes EA Morenoff JD Williams DR House JS 2011 Language of interview, self-rated health, and the other Latino health puzzle American Journal of Public Health 101 7 1306 1313 21164101 PMC3110226
  59. Viruell-Fuentes EA Morenoff JD Williams DR House JS 2013 Contextualizing nativity status, Latino social ties, and ethnic enclaves: an examination of the ‘immigrant social ties hypothesis’ Ethnicity & health 18 6 586 609 23947776 PMC4176765
  60. Webster-Stratton C 1990 Stress: A potential disruptor of parent perceptions and family interactions Journal of clinical child psychology 19 4 302 312
  61. West BT Welch KB Galecki AT 2014 Linear mixed models: a practical guide using statistical software CRC Press
  62. White RMB Roosa MW 2012 Neighborhood Contexts, Fathers, and Mexican American Young Adolescents' Internalizing Symptoms Journal of Marriage and Family 74 1 152 166 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00878.x 22383856 PMC3286796 · DOI
  63. White RMB Roosa MW Weaver SR Nair RL Murry VM 2009 Cultural and Contextual Influences on Parenting in Mexican American Families Journal of Marriage and Family 71 1 61 79 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00580.x 20126298 PMC2744115 · DOI
  64. Zavella P 2011 I'm neither here nor there: Mexicans' quotidian struggles with migration and poverty Durham, NC Duke University Press

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Noah, A. J., & Landale, N. S.
Affiliations
  • Arizona State University
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
Venue
Journal of Marriage and Family
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-10-12
Volume
80
Issue
2
Pages
317-333
ISSN
  • 0022-2445 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-3737
OpenAlex
W2760843514
Cited by
17
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3
FWCI
5.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Marriage and the Family (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (5P01HD062498‐05)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Keywords
undocumented immigrants, legal status, nativity, immigrant concentration, immigrant well-being, Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review