Cited by 443Resilience and Mental HealthWorkplace Health and Well-beingStress and Burnout Research

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Can resilience be developed at work? A meta‐analytic review of resilience‐building programme effectiveness

Vanhove, Adam J., Herian, Mitchel N., Perez, Alycia L. U., Harms, Peter D., Lester, Paul B.·2016·Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology

DOI 10.1111/joop.12123

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Abstract

Organizations have increasingly sought to adopt resilience‐building programmes to prevent absenteeism, counterproductive work behaviour, and other stress‐related issues. However, the effectiveness of these programmes remains unclear as a comprehensive review of existing primary evidence has not been undertaken. Using 42 independent samples across 37 studies, the present meta‐analysis sought to address this limitation in the literature by summarizing the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes implemented in organizational contexts. Results demonstrated that the overall effect of such programmes was small ( d = 0.21) and that programme effects diminish over time ( d proximal = 0.26 vs. d distal = 0.07). Alternatively, moderator analyses revealed that programmes targeting individuals thought to be at greater risk of experiencing stress and lacking core protective factors showed the opposite effect over time. Programmes employing a one‐on‐one delivery format (e.g., coaching) were most effective, followed by the classroom‐based group delivery format. Programmes using train‐the‐trainer and computer‐based delivery formats were least effective. Finally, substantially stronger effects were observed among studies employing single‐group within‐participant designs, in comparison with studies utilizing between‐participant designs. Taken together, these findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for advancing the study and use of resilience‐building in the workplace. Practitioner points: Resilience‐building programmes have had a modest effect in the workplace. The effect is weaker than that associated with secondary prevention techniques, but similar to those shown for other primary prevention techniques. Across primary studies, programme effects diminished substantially from proximal (≤1 month post‐intervention) to distal time points (>1 month). However, among those at greater risk of experiencing stress or who lack protective resources, weak proximal effects became stronger when measured distally. To optimize the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes, developers should carefully conduct needs assessments, identifying individuals at elevated risk. Methodological decisions (i.e., the use of within‐ vs. between‐participant designs) may have a substantial impact on the conclusions researchers draw regarding the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes. When evaluating the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes, researchers and practitioners should compare observed effects to estimates of mean effects across studies using similar evaluative designs.

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“Indeed, a previous meta-analytic review [33] demonstrated that programs employing a one-on-one delivery format were most effective, followed by the classroom-based group delivery format and train-the-trainer and computer-based delivery formats.”
Method
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“This is in line with previous meta-analysis on resilience interventions delivered in working populations (Kunzler, Helmreich, Chmitorz, et al., 2020a; Liu et al., 2020; Vanhove et al., 2016).”
Influential
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“To date, no gold standard for resilience classification has been established in the literature [71, 72], suggesting that future research requires more precise conceptualization and categorization of resilience [49].”
Effectiveness of Psychosocial-Based Resilience Intervention on Reducing Negative Emotional States among Schizophrenia Caregivers
Tahamata, V. M., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2020) · Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology · doi:10.12928/jehcp.v9i1.12804 · Cited by 3
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“In addition, the effect of a program may decrease over time [47], thus a regular cognitive behaviour training program would be suggested for enhancing or maintaining their resilience.”
Background
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“…like the military, mandated resilience training programs have been disseminated with the expectation that employees who go through the training will be better able to respond to the stressful demands that they encounter (Britt et al., 2016b; Sarkar & Fletcher, 2017; Vanhove et al., 2016).”
Influential
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“…of employee well-being through initiatives that enable satisfaction and positive affect, for instance programs building employee resilience (Vanhove et al., 2016), positive thinking (Luthans and Youssef-Morgan, 2017), or employees using their signature strengths in new ways (Seligman et…”
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“Vanhove et al. (2015) analysed studies of resilience ‐ building programmes implemented in organisational contexts.”
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Self-citation
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“A recent meta-analysis of resilience training programs considered cognitive appraisal and problem-focused coping strategies as psychological protective factors (9), yet it did not examine the effects of such strategies.”
Background
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“…indicates that more personalised formats (e.g., one-to-one coaching) outperform class-room-based group trainings and minimally interactive, computer-based formats (Vanhove et al., 2016), underscoring the importance of tailoring interventions to individuals rather than assuming uniform efficacy.”
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“…assumed to be at elevated risk for stressor exposure (for example, adolescents and young adults 107 , individuals with very demanding workplaces 108,109 or those facing major life events such as recent diagnoses of serious illness 110 ) or identified by self-selection strategies (for example,…”
THE SELF-HELP GROUP RESILIENCE PROJECT: DEVELOPING AND PILOTING A RESILIENCE INTERVENTION IN BIHAR, INDIA
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“Perhaps having an optimistic outlook on stressors may make challenges seem more manageable, working to reduce the negative impact of stress (e.g., Nichter et al., 2020; Vanhove et al., 2016).”
Background
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Wilkinson, A. D., & Rennaker, M. A. (2022) · International Journal of Servant-Leadership · doi:10.33972/ijsl.350 · Cited by 6
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“It is often difficult to differentiate resilience training programs from traditional stress management training programs in the general working population (Vanhove et al., 2016).”

Authors: Vanhove, A. J., Herian, M. N., Perez, A. L. U., Harms, P. D., & Lester, P. B.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
United States Army (US)
Corresponding author: Vanhove, Adam J.
ORCID: Vanhove, Adam J.
Harms, Peter D.
Lester, Paul B.
Venue: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-04-25
Volume: 89
Issue: 2
Pages: 278-307
ISSN: 0963-1798 (ISSN-L)
2044-8325
DOI: 10.1111/joop.12123
OpenAlex: W2005393701
Cited by: 443
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 25.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Army (D10PC20006)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords: workplace resilience, occupational stress, absenteeism, counterproductive work behavior, primary prevention, secondary prevention, protective factors, coaching, trainer training, computer-based intervention, within-participant design, program effectiveness, needs assessment

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Can resilience be developed at work? A meta‐analytic review of resilience‐building programme effectiveness

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